Puritis I

Where do you find the stratum lucidum?

Nasal planum

Foot pads

Hair follicles are an extension of what skin labels?

Epidermis

What is pruritus?

Unplesant sensation creating urge to scratch (itching)

What is a prutiogen?

Substance that induces purritius/ itch

Chronic stiulation of puritis will lead to what?

Neuronal sensitization

How does itching lead to pathology?

Irritants cause inflammation via the innate immune system, and scratching decreases the skin barrier, allowing more penetration of allergens and irritants, leading to more itch cytokines

What cells will present allergens to immune cells?

Langerhans cells

What is the difference between a food allergy and intolerance? M

An allergy will have an immunologic rxn

What are cutaneous adverse food rxns?

A breakdown of norm tolerance and immune reg - type 1,3, 4 hypersensitivities

Where will we see alterations w/ adverse food rxns?

Epithelial cells

Pyers patches

Dendritic cells

Explain the pathogenesis of CAFR?

Initial Ag exposure to T cells and Th2 cells leads to IgE production, which triggers histamine release from mast cells upon re-exposure to the antigen.

What type of food is responsible to CAFR?

Proteins - high molecular weight

When do we typically see CAFR?

Less than 1y old

Greater than 6y old

Year round

What are the top three breeds we suspect CAFR?

German shepherds

Shar pei

Rhodesian Ridgeback

What are clinical signs of Atopy and CAFR in DOGS?

Erethema

Hair loss

Papular eruption

Pyoderma/OE - recurrent

Dandruff

What are clinical signs of Atopy and CAFR in CATS?

Military dermatitis

Self excoriation on head/ neck

Eosinophilic complexes

Alopecia/ hypotrichosis

What is the only way to distinguish CAFR from Atopy?

Food elimination trial

How should a Diet elimination trial be done?

Strict - no other food or treats/ bones

8w minimum trial

What is Atopy?

Environmental allergies

When do we typically see atopy?

Seasonal 1-3y in dogs

Any time in cats

What breeds commonly get atopy?

Cocker spaniels

Bull dogs

Labs/goldens ect....

Bengals

Why do we do allergy testing in atopy pts?

For tx for immunotherapy

What is the most reliable allergy testing?

Skin testing - most accurate and most allergens tested

What MUST be done in skin allergy testing that may not need to be done in serum allergy testing?

Withdraw from medications, sedation

For skin tests a score of ___ or higher will be considered significant?

2

What is the goal of immunotherapy?

Decreasing new allergens and progression over time

What is alternative tx for atopy?

Bathe weekly

Drugs

(Cytology for secondary infections)

How long should atopy be tx?

LIFE LONG

Identify?

Flea - Ctenocephalid

Identify?

Sarcoptes scabiei

Identify?

Sarcoptes scabiei egg

+ scybala - poop

identity?

Cheyletiella - walking dandruff

-Cocker spaniel

Identify?

Demodex

We typically see flea lesion on the _____ area of a dog?

Caudal rump/ hind limbs

We typically see scabese lesions on the _____ areas of a dog?

Pinnal margins

Elbows

We typically see cheyletiella lesions on the ___ areas of a dog?

Dorsum - scales

What do we typically see in demodex lesions?

Alopecia and pustules

Furunculosis

What are best tx for parasites in dogs and cats?

Isoxazoline drugs:

Bravecto,

revolution/nexgard

Simparica

Crodeliao

What is best tx for parasites in rabbits?

Selamectin