Science and Technology Vocabulary (Unit 12: Nauka i Technika)

Vocabulary flashcards covering computing, device features, technical malfunctions, cybersecurity, scientific progress, and pronunciation rules from Unit 12 (Nauka i technika).

ICT

Information and Communication Technology (technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne).

Firewall

A network security system designed to prevent unauthorized access (zapora sieciowa).

Operating system

The core software that manages computer hardware and software resources (system operacyjny).

Peripherals

Auxiliary external devices connected to a computer, such as printers, keyboards, or mice (urządzenia peryferyjne).

Predictive text feature

An input technology that suggests or completes words as the user types (funkcja przewidywania tekstu).

Spreadsheet

An interactive digital application used for organizing, analyzing, and storing data in a table format (arkusz kalkulacyjny).

Durable

Able to withstand wear, pressure, or damage over a long period (trwały).

Obsolete

No longer produced or used; out of date or old-fashioned (przestarzały).

User-friendly

Designed to be easy for people to use and understand (przyjazny dla użytkownika).

Rechargeable

A battery or device capable of being charged again after its energy has been depleted (nadający się do ponownego ładowania).

Extension lead

An electric cable with a plug and one or more sockets that allows electrical equipment to be used farther from a wall socket (przedłużacz).

Power pack

An external source or adapter supplying electrical energy to an electronic device (zasilacz).

Adapter

A connector that allows pieces of electrical equipment with different plug or socket types to be linked together (przejściówka).

Earth

A protective electrical conductor connecting a circuit to the ground for safety (uziemienie).

Cyberbullying

The use of digital communication tools to harass, intimidate, or send bullying content to a person (cyberprzemoc).

Malware

Software specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system (złośliwe oprogramowanie).

Identity theft

The deliberate, fraudulent assumption of another person's identity, typically to access financial resources (kradzież tożsamości).

Phishing

A cybercrime technique involving fraudulent communications designed to trick victims into revealing sensitive personal data or credentials (wyłudzanie danych).

Digital detox

A period during which an individual intentionally refrains from using electronic devices such as smartphones or computers (detoks cyfrowy).

Bounce back

The return of an undelivered email to the sender due to an error, invalid address, or full inbox (odbić się o wiadomości e-mail).

Power surge

A transient, sudden spike in electrical voltage that can harm connected electronic appliances (przepięcie).

Paper jam

A mechanical fault where sheets of paper become stuck or crumpled inside a printer or copier (zakleszczenie się papieru).

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The capability of a machine or computer system to simulate intelligent human behavior (sztuczna inteligencja).

Automation

The implementation of technology, software, or machinery to perform tasks without continuous human intervention (automatyzacja).

Radioactive contamination

The dangerous and uncontrolled deposition of radioactive materials on surfaces or in the environment (skażenie radioaktywne).

Two-syllable noun and verb stress rule

A phonetic rule in English where two-syllable words shared between noun and verb forms are commonly stressed on the first syllable for nouns and the second syllable for verbs (e.g., object).

Memory stick / Flash drive

A small, portable digital storage medium that plugs into a computer port to store and transfer data (pamięć USB).

Screen resolution

The clarity and sharpness of text and images displayed on a monitor, determined by the total number of pixels (rozdzielczość ekranu).

Compress a file

To reduce the digital storage size of an electronic document or data package to conserve space or speed up transmission (kompresować plik).

Shortcut

An icon or specific key combination providing direct, rapid access to an application, file, or command (skrót).

Default settings

The standard pre-set configurations automatically applied to software or hardware prior to user modifications (ustawienia domyślne).

Portable

Designed to be conveniently carried or transported from place to place (przenośny).

Battery-operated

Powered by internal electrochemical cells rather than directly by mains electricity (zasilany z baterii).

Lightweight

Weighing comparatively little, making an electronic device easy to handle and carry (lekki).

Remote control

A handheld wireless device used to operate consumer electronics from a distance (pilot).

Plug

A molded connector with metal pins inserted into an electrical wall socket to supply power to an appliance (wtyczka).

Unplug

To disconnect an electronic appliance from an electrical outlet by removing its connector (odłączać z prądu).

Blackout

A sudden, comprehensive loss of electrical supply across an area or electrical grid (przerwa w dostawie prądu).

Error message

An on-screen alert indicating that an operating failure, glitch, or improper instruction has occurred (komunikat o błędzie).

Fuse

A safety component containing a thin strip of metal designed to melt and open an electrical circuit if the current becomes excessive (bezpiecznik).

Touch screen

An interactive digital display screen that can detect the presence and location of a touch (ekran dotykowy).

Up-to-date

Incorporating the most modern information, methods, or technology (aktualny, nowoczesny).

Adjust

To change or alter something slightly to improve it or make it fit (wyregulować).

Dispose of sth

To discard, eliminate, or safely get rid of an unwanted item (pozbywać się czegoś).

Fit into the socket

To correctly connect or insert into an electrical wall outlet or port (pasować do gniazdka).

Load paper

To insert fresh sheets of paper into a tray or printer mechanism (wkładać papier).

Plug in

To connect an electrical device to a power source using a socket (podłączać).

Replace an ink cartridge

To remove an empty reservoir of printer ink and insert a new unit (wymieniać wkład z tuszem do drukarki).

Take apart

To disassemble a mechanical or electronic device into its separate pieces (rozkładać na części).

Turn up / Turn down

To increase or decrease the volume, heat, or level produced by a device (podgłośnić/ściszyć).

Wind up

To operate or energize a mechanical device by turning a handle or key (nakręcać).

Safety precautions

Protective measures or steps taken in advance to prevent accidents or danger (środki bezpieczeństwa).

Security alert

An urgent warning informing users of an unauthorized access attempt or system vulnerability (alert bezpieczeństwa).

Security questions

Personal verification prompts used to authenticate a user's identity during login or password reset (pytania kontrolne).

Streaming services

Digital platforms that provide continuous access to video or audio content over the internet (usługi streamingowe).

Suspicious activity

Unusual or irregular behavior in a digital account that indicates possible security threats (podejrzane działania).

Video conferencing

The conduction of an online meeting with live audio and video feeds among dispersed participants (prowadzenie wideokonferencji).

Blurry

Indistinct, fuzzy, or lacking sharp visual focus on a display or photo (rozmazany).

Go dead

To suddenly cease functioning because power or battery life is completely depleted (paść, rozładować się).

No signal

An absence of reception or connectivity to a broadcast or cellular network (brak sygnału).

Blank screen

A monitor or display that shows no picture or visual data due to an error or sleep state (pusty ekran).

Out of order

Damaged, faulty, or currently not operating (zepsuty, nieczynny).

Cracked screen

Physical fractures across the glass surface of an electronic display (pęknięty ekran).

Blow a fuse

To cause a circuit's safety element to melt and cut power due to an electrical overload (spalić bezpiecznik).

Spare parts

Duplicate components stored to replace damaged or worn parts in machinery (części zamienne).

Atomic bomb

An explosive weapon deriving immense destructive capability from nuclear fission (bomba atomowa).

Cloning

The scientific replication of an organism, tissue, or cell to make an exact genetic replica (klonowanie).

Green energy

Clean power generated from renewable, non-polluting environmental sources (zielona energia).

Lengthen life expectancy

To extend the statistically estimated average number of years individuals live (wydłużać przewidywaną długość życia).

Side effect

A secondary, typically undesirable consequence produced alongside the intended outcome of a treatment or technology (skutek uboczny).

Technological advancement

Development or improvement brought about through new technological inventions and methods (postęp techniczny).

Unethical experiment

A scientific test or trial conducted without proper moral standards, consent, or safety measures (nieetyczny eksperyment).

Set up security questions

To configure personal verification prompts to authenticate an account during login or password reset (ustawić pytania kontrolne).

Change a fuse

To replace a melted or damaged electrical safety component with a new one (wymienić bezpiecznik).

Boost the popularity (of science subjects)

To increase widespread interest and participation in STEM fields and academic disciplines (zwiększyć popularność przedmiotów ścisłych).

Bring improvements

To introduce beneficial changes or upgrades that enhance overall functionality and convenience (wprowadzać udogodnienia).

Chemical / Biological weapon

A munition or device designed to inflict harm using toxic chemical compounds or pathogenic biological agents (broń chemiczna/biologiczna).

Globalisation

The worldwide integration and growing interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and communication networks (globalizacja).

Improve the quality of life

To enhance the overall standard of living, general health, and everyday well-being of individuals (poprawiać jakość życia).

Improvements in industries

Modernizations, technical upgrades, and positive transformations across manufacturing and commercial production sectors (usprawnienia w branżach przemysłu).

Increase productivity

To raise the efficiency, output, and rate at which goods or tasks are completed (zwiększać produktywność).

Keep up to date with the latest research

To continuously follow and stay informed regarding current findings, studies, and discoveries in a field (śledzić najnowsze wyniki badań).

Revolutionise

To fundamentally transform, overhaul, or radically change a process, system, or industry (zrewolucjonizować).

Sharpen skills

To practice, hone, and significantly refine practical abilities or expertise (doskonalić umiejętności).

Technological and scientific advances / progress

Continuous forward development, novel breakthroughs, and modern inventions in scientific research and engineering (postęp techniczny i naukowy).

Technological innovation

The development and introduction of novel digital solutions, modern tools, or newly created mechanical methods (innowacja technologiczna).

Transform learning experience

To reshape and modernize the educational journey, making the acquisition of knowledge more engaging and effective (zmienić sposób uczenia się).