gait analysis

quiet stance CoP

5 cm anterior to ankle joint

quiet stance GRF location

posterior to hip, slightly anterior to knee

GRF creates ___, needs to be balances by ___ moment in the body

DF, PF

internal moments to balance GRF can occur from

muscle activity or passive structures

as GRF shifts forward, there is increased ___ internal moment

PF

as GRF shifts posterior, there is activated __ internal moment

DF

COM of the body location

anterior to S2

in quiet stance, the CoP is nearly ___ CoM

under

CoP rarely falls under CoM during gait due to

influence of acceleration

what % of gait cycle is stance phase

62

what % of gait cycle is swing phase

38

weight acceptance task periods

initial contact and loading response

single limb support task periods

mid stance and terminal stance

swing limb advancement periods

pre-swing, initial swing, mid-swing, terminal swing

loading response

weight is rapidly transferred onto outstretched limb, first period of double limb support. “first rocker”

mid stance

body progresses over single, stable limb

terminal stance

progression over the stance limb continues, body moves ahead of the limb and weight is transferred onto the forefoot. “second rocker”

pre-swing

rapid unloading of the limb as weight is transferred to the contralateral limb, the second period of double limb support. “third rocker”

initial swing

thigh begins to advance as foot comes up off the floor

mid swing

thigh continues to advance, knee begins to extend, foot clears the ground

terminal swing

knee extends, limb prepares to contact the ground for IC

cadence

steps/minute, 120/min

speed

cadence x stride length/ 120

stride length and cadence have a ___ relationship to maintain speed

inverse

tsp’s

descriptors- walking speed, cadence, stride length

in general, which gender has greater speed/stride length?

men

in general, which gender has greater cadence?

women

dysequilibrium

stance duration and step width increased

antalgic

stance phase shortened, contralateral stance increased

number of periods in gait cycle

8

4 ways to describe hip, knee, and ankle in gait cycle

ROM, torque demand, muscle action, functional significance

initial contact- hip

hip flexed 20 degrees, extensor muscles on

IC- knee

0-5 degrees, eccentric quads

IC- ankle

TC: neutral, STJ: 2 degrees supination, dorsiflexors and inverters on

LR- hip

hip flexed 20 degrees, extensors and abductors on

LR- knee

flexed 15 degrees, quad eccentric

LR- ankle

PF 5 degrees, DFs eccentric. STJ 4-6 degrees pronation, invertors eccentric

GRF at initial contact creates ___ torque

PF, eversion. balanced by internal muscle DF torque

mid stance

0 degrees, abductors on

0-5 degrees, quads initially then off

5 degrees DF, calf eccentric

terminal stance

hip 0-20 degrees extension, passive capsule

knee 0-5 degrees, posterior capsule

ankle 10 degrees DF, calf eccentric. STJ supinated

pre-swing

10 degrees extension, adductors

knee 40 degrees passive flexion

ankle 15 degrees PF, STJ supinates (fascia)

initial swing

hip 15 degrees flexion, flexors RF on

knee 60 degrees, flexors

ankle 5 degrees PF, DFs on

mid-swing

hip 25 degrees flexion, flexors then hamstrings

knee 25 degrees flexion, quads

ankle neutral, pretibials

terminal swing

hip 20 degrees flexion, eccentric hams

knee 5 degrees flexion, quads

ankle neutral, pretibials

critical event: knee extension to 0-5 degrees

IC checklist

ankle foot position, knee position

LR checklist

controlled PF/foot slap, knee flexion to 20

progression checklist

10 degrees DF, knee motion, 10 degrees hip extension

toe-off checklist

supinated foot, MTP ext 65 degreess

swing checklist

toe clearance, knee flexion 60, hip steppage, trendelenburg