Introduction to Climate Change Flashcards

what is the unit for power?

watt

what is james watt’s primary contribution?

making the steam engine much more efficient

how is a joule dened in terms of other units?

W * s

If a laser delivers 30 W of power to a target over 2 seconds, how much energy does it deliver to the target?

60 J

what is the unit for energy?

joule

Who discovered that mechanical work gets converted to heat, thereby establishing the law of conservation of energy?

James Joule

If a lightbulb produces 100 J of heat and light energy while on for 10 seconds, how much electrical power does the lightbulb consume?

10 W

The human body produces about 100 W of heat energy per time. How much heat energy does the human body emit in an hour? Recall that an hour has 3600 seconds. 

360 kJ

Who is credited with starting the industrial revolution with their invention?

James Watt

How is a Watt defined in terms of other units? 

J/s

Which of the following was responsible for the industrial revolution?

all of the other answers

Which of the following is an example of radiation?

warm hands by the fireplace

When a mass exchanges energy with a faraway mass by sending photons to it, what do we call this?

radiation

Which of the following is an example of conduction?

burn hand on hot pan

When a mass exchanges energy with an adjacent mass by jiggling against it, what do we call this?

conduction

By what process does a blob of hot air move its heat from Earth’s surface up into the atmosphere?

convection

By what process does energy from the Sun get to Earth’s surface?

radiation

Why does a small piece of burning paper float up into the air?

convection

Where does conduction move energy into, out of, or within the Earth?

from the surface to the atmosphere

Where does radiation move energy into, out of, or within the Earth?

all the other answers

When energy moves from one place to another because a mass carries that energy there, what do we call this?

convection

By what process does air that is in contact with the Earth’s surface get heat?

conduction

Which of the following is an example of convection?

hot air balloon rises

Where does convection move energy into, out of, or within the Earth?

within the atmosphere

How far does a person go if they jog at 1 m/s for 1 hour?

3.6 km

What is 20 °C in Kelvin?

293 K

Would most people consider 40 °C cold or hot?

hot

What is appropriate clothing for 300 K?

shorts and a t-shirt

Which of the following is a typical temperature on Earth?

300 K

Which of the following countries uses Fahrenheit?

none of the other answers

Using the minus-thirty-and-halve approximation, what is 50 °F in Celsius?

10 C

What is special about 0 K?

nothing moves

What is appropriate clothing for 280 K?

pants and a sweater maybe a light jacket

How many Joules of heat are generated by a heater that outputs 500 W for 10 minutes?

300 kJ

Which of the following is a typical temperature of an oven?

450 K

Would most people consider 40 K cold or hot?

cold

Using the minus-thirty-and-halve approximation, what is 110 °F in Celsius?

40 C

Using the minus-thirty-and-halve approximation, what is 80 °F in Celsius?

25 C

What is appropriate clothing for 260 K?

heavy winter jacket and earmuffs

Would most people consider 40 °F cold or hot?

cold

How long does it take to drive 5 km at 20 km/hour?

0.25 hours

What is 30 °C in Kelvin?

303 K

Which of the following is a typical temperature of the Sun?

6000 K

Which of the following is a typical temperature of a blowtorch?

2000 K

What is 0 °C in Kelvin?

273 K

Which of the three has the shortest wavelength? 

ultraviolet

Using Wien's law, what is the peak wavelength of radiation emitted by an object with a temperature of 300 K? 

10 micron

Using Wien's law, what is the peak wavelength of radiation emitted by an object with a temperature of 6000 K? 

0.5 micron

What do we call the radiation emitted by the Sun? 

shortwave

What do we call the radiation emitted by a planet? 

longwave

Which is a valid definition of wavelength?

the distance from a peak to an adjacent peak

Using Wien's law, what is the peak wavelength of radiation emitted by an object with a temperature of 100 K? 

30 micron

What of the following emits photons?

all of the other answers

Which is not a type of photon?

proton

What is another name for longwave? 

infrared

Which of the following is not the same as the rest? 

thousandth of a meter

What is true about all photons?

they travel at the same speed

Which of the three has the shortest wavelength? 

blue

When talking about the wavelengths of radiation from the Sun and Earth, it is most convenient to use which unit? 

micrometer

Which of the three has the longest wavelength? 

red

What is another name for shortwave? 

sunlight

Which of the three has the longest wavelength?

infrared

If planet A is the same temperature as planet B, but has twice the area, how much more rapidly does planet A lose energy by radiation? 

2 times

If planet A is the same size as planet B, but is twice as hot, how much more rapidly does planet A lose energy by radiation? 

16 times

Which of the following radiates the most power? 

 an object with Area = 1 m² and T = 1000 K

What is the approximate power per area emitted by the inside wall of an oven when baking a cake in W/m²?

 6 x 4.5^4

Which radiates the most power, a wall with a total area of 2 m² and temperature of 310 K, or a chair with a total area of 2 m² and temperature of 310 K? 

they radiate the same power

2⁴ equals

16

What is the approximate power per area emitted by a person in W/m²?

 6 x 3⁴

Between a blue berry and a red berry, which has the higher temperature? 

cannot tell because their color is scattered light

The power per area emitted by an object, in W/m², is equal to 

 5.67(T/100)^4

Which person did not play a role in discovering the power per area of radiation emitted by an object? 

watt

3⁴ equals

81

Between a blue star and a red star, which has the higher temperature?

the blue star by Wien’s law

What is albedo? 

 the fraction of sunlight reflected to space

The temperature of Mercury is most similar to which of the following?

oven

Using the approximate Stefan-Boltzmann law, Power per area = 6[T/100]⁴, what is the temperature of a planet that radiates 6 W/m²?

100 K

Which of the following is not a gas giant?

venus

If a planet's total solar irradiance, or TSI, is 1000 W/m², what is the average incident sunlight per planetary surface area?

 250 W/m²

What is the temperature of the Sun where it emits light? 

 6000 K

How many rocky planets are there in our Solar System?

4

Which of the following describes the planet Mercury?

all of these answers

Which of the following is not a rocky planet?

neptune

How many gas giants are there in our Solar System?

4

If a planet's TSI is 2000 W/m² and its albedo is 0.4, how much power per area must the planet radiate?

 300 W/m²

How many planets are there in our Solar System?

8

What is the average temperature of Earth's surface air?

 288 K

Compared to the Earth, is Mars farther from the Sun or closer to the Sun?

farther

What happens when we calculate the average temperature of Earth the same way that we did for Mercury and Mars?

we get too cold a temperature

If we could somehow double the albedo of Mars, would its temperature go up or down?

down

The Curiosity rover is on which planet?

mars

Roughly how thick is Earth’s atmosphere?

10 km

By what process do cyanobacteria release oxygen?

photosynthesis

Why is there abundant nitrogen in Earth’s atmosphere?

all other answers

Which of the following was not a consequence of the Great Oxygenation Event?

swarms of earthquakes

What is the most abundant molecule in Earth’s atmosphere?

N2

In the ocean and in the atmosphere, pressure is equal to

 the weight per area of overlying fluid

Do suction cups work in the deep ocean?

yes

900 millibars equals

0.9 bar

Low atmospheric surface pressure usually corresponds to

 cloudy and rainy weather