module 2 dose and medications

• pseudoephedrine/phenylephedrine - 1 tablet every 4-6 hours

• avoid if below 6 and if they have hypertension

• well tolerated product

• causes insomnia, restlessness

• works to reduces the nasal congestion and dripping of runny nose

• safe in pregnancy - can affect breastmilk

oral decongestants

• helps to reduce the nasal decongestion and the dripping of the runny nose

• well tolerated - have some itchiness and irritation

• make sure to use it for a maximum of 5 days or not it can cause more congestion

• 1-2 sprays both nostrils up to 3 times a day

• safe in pregnancy

Intranasal decongestants

• sedating antihistamines are medications that help dry up a runny nose and ease sneezing while also making you feel drowsy.

• one tablet at bedtime

• well tolerated - it can cause drowsiness so avoid using machinery or driving

sedating antihistamines

• two sprays a day - unless Beclomethasone 2 sprays twice a day

• takes up to 3-7 hours to work and use it for up to 1 week

• ant- inflammation directly inside the lining of your nose to reduce symptoms like itchiness

• well tolerated - nasal irritation, itching, sneezing

• safe in pregnancy

intranasal corticosteriods

• block a body chemical called histamine to stop allergy symptoms like sneezing, itching, and a runny nose

• one tablet a day - unless fexofenadine - twice daily

• well tolerated fatigue, headache, dry mouth

• safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding

oral antihistamines

• lingering cough that sticks around after a cold, flu, usually when you have a runny nose where the mucous drips to the back of the throat causing irritation

post viral cough

• used for a drug cough

• this will help to supress the cough reflex in the brain

• NMDA receptor antagonist, a sigma-1 receptor agonist

• well tolerated but can cause drowsiness, constipation

• 10–20 mg q4h - dexo

• codeine - 10ml every 4-6 hrs

Dextromethorphan

• used for dry cough

• this works to suppress the cough reflex in the brain

• drowsiness, constipation

• give 5-10ml every 4-6 hours if needed use for a maximum of 5 days

• avoid if they have asthma

Dihydrocodeine

• works to decrease the thickness of the mucus and push the mucus upwards

• 10mL, every 6-8h

• well tolerated - may cause nausea and vomiting

• avoid below 6

Guafensin

• helps to decrease the mucous and make it easier to cough up

• generally well tolerated - nausea vomiting

Bromohexidine

• anti-inflammatory agent this will help to reduce the pain in the area

• can take up to 8 lozenges a day for maximum of 3 days

• avoid if asthma

• sprays - 4-8 times if needed every 3 hours

Flubiprofen/benzydamine

• looks like a flare up of your asthma - this is a long term condition which could tightness in the chest and wheezing

asthma

• this will act on the lungs to open up the airways and relax the muscles and make it easier to breathe

• well tolerated - palpitations, headache

• salbutamol - 1-2 inhalations if needed every and use it 5-15 mins before exercise - repeat 3 or 4 times a day if needed

• terbuline - 1-3 1-2 in children - inhalations if needed use 5-15 mins before exercise - repeat 3 or 4 times a day if needed

• use spacer - avoid for autoinhaler and terbuline

salbutamol and terbuline

• inhibition of COX-1 reduced prostaglandin E2 synthesis - resulting in reduced gastric cytoprotection - increase risk of gastric side effect and ulcer formation

• also reduce TXA2 formation - impairing platelet aggregation - increase risk of bleeding

• celecoxib better for person who experience NSAID related gastric effects - increase risk of ulceration - as less cox 1 inhibition - reducing gastric cytoprotection

how NSAIDs worsen peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding

• synthetic opioid analogues - act on opioid receptors in the gut - inhibiting persistalsis and increasing fluid absorption

• loperamide - antisecretory properties, atropine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist - added to reduce diphenoxylate misuse

• diphenoxylate - able to cross the blood brain barrier causing sedatin effects and potential misuse, atropine in excess can cause dry mouth, dry eyes, urinary retention, loperamide cant cross blood brain barrier

• loperamide - better for a patient who wants to remain alert - as it causes less sedating and drowsiness effect as it can cross the blood brain barrier.

loperamide and diphenoxylate