FULL SET FOR EXAM - politics unit 3-4

Russia Ukraine - Who is the president of Russia?

Vladimir Putin

Russia Ukraine - Russia’s interests include gaining formal recognition of the … of their … … of Ukraine, getting guarantees to prevent Ukraine from joining groups such as …, preventing … of NATO

annexation, occupied regions, NATO, expansion

Russia Ukraine - Russia’s actions: the invasion

What did Putin call the invasion?

How many days worth of food did the Russian soldiers carry?

“special military operation”, 3

Russia Ukraine - Russia’s responses: nuclear threats

Russia made … nuclear threats between (date) and (date)

On (date) Putin said any opposition to Russia would face …

How many nuclear warheads does Russia have?

135, Feb 2022, Dec 2024, Feb 2022, “consequences that you have never faced in your history”, 5449

Russia Ukraine - Who is Ukraine’s president?

Volodymyr Zelenskyy

Russia Ukraine - Ukraine’s perspective is that Russia’s invasion is an … … to Ukraine in regards to their … and … …

existential threat, sovereignty, territorial integrity

Russia Ukraine - Quote showing Ukrainian perspective from Zelenskyy

“I need ammunition, not a ride”

Russia Ukraine - Ukraine’s interests are protecting their … and … …, returning to their pre-2014 …, and protections of … (their right to join NATO/EU)

sovereignty, territorial integrity, borders, autonomy

Russia Ukraine - North Korean interests in helping Russia include reducing dependency on … (… % of their trade) and gaining … and … benefits

China, 90, military, economic

Russia Ukraine - North Korean response:

In (date), around … NK troops were sent to fight

Oct 2024, 12000

Russia Ukraine - North Korean effectiveness:

Provided short-term … relief, worsened relations between NK and …, exposed Russian …

manpower, SK, weakness

Russia Ukraine - USA interests under Biden:

Weaken Russia without direct …, prevent … …

confrontation, nuclear escalation

Russia Ukraine - US interests under Trump:

End … burden on US

Achieve … which benefit the US

Improve … with Russia

financial, deals, relations

Russia Ukraine - USA’s responses under Trump:

In (date): the … point peace plan, one point of which is Russia will receive … … for their actions in the war, clearing Putin of his … warrant, which the USA does not have the power to do

Nov 2025, 28, “full amnesty”, ICC

Russia Ukraine - USA effectiveness under Trump:

Has been successful in forcing …, but has exposed USA’s …

negotiations, unreliablity

Russia Ukraine - What are the short term causes of the Russia Ukraine armed conflict?

culture and nationalism, alliances

Russia Ukraine - What are the areas in Ukraine with high Russian speaker presence?

Donbas and Luhansk oblasts

Russia Ukraine - In (date), Putin justified military action through claiming a … against Ukrainian Russian speakers

Feb 2022, “genocide”

Russia Ukraine - In (date), Putin stated that … … of NATO is …

Feb 2022, “further expansion”, “unacceptable”

Russia Ukraine - In (date), Ukraine began discussions with NATO regarding membership

June 2017

Russia Ukraine - In (date), Russia made ultimatums to NATO and the US, including a ban on Ukraine entering NATO

Dec 2021

Russia Ukraine - NATO and the EU’s perspective is that Russia poses an … … to Europe

existential threat

Russia Ukraine - What does NATO stand for?

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

Russia Ukraine - NATO’s interests is to deter Russian … against NATO without … …

aggression, direct conflict

Russia Ukraine - NATO response:

They sent … troops to their Eastern flank

40,000

Russia Ukraine - Effectiveness of NATO:

Increased strength through the joining of … and …

Have not given Ukraine membership, as Article … would require NATO to go to war with Russia, amplifying the threat of nuclear escalation

Finland, Sweden, 5

Russia Ukraine - Starlink’s perspectives are that the war is an … to grow their … and …, and to build their …

opportunity business shareholders reputation

Russia Ukraine - Starlink’s interests are to:

• make a …

• protect their … through ensuring their tech isn’t used to … the issue

• build their …

profit reputation escalate reputatuion

Russia Ukraine - in (date) Starlink restricted offensive use, following the (date) Crimea incident, where Starlink access was cut off during Ukraine’s attack

feb 2023 sep 2022

Russia Ukraine - in (date) starlink blocked unauthorised terminals following a Russian-operated Starlink-equipped drone hit a … …, killing … people

feb 2026 passenger train 6

Russia Ukraine - effectiveness of starlink:

• ukraine has … … on a TNC, making them vulnerable

• starlink is … due to their interests not always aligning with ukraine

total dependency unreliable

Russia Ukraine - The USA was under Biden from the start of the war until …

Jan 2025

Russia-Ukraine - US perspectives under Biden:

• support … against …

• quote: …, Biden, (date)

democracy autocracy “battle between democracy and autocracy” mar 2022

Russia Ukraine - US interests under Biden:

• weaken Russia without … …

• prevent … …

direct conflict nuclear escalation

Russia Ukraine - US responses under biden

• supporting ukraine through being the largest … … giving $… (billion/million) USD

• (date) US-Ukraine … … …

bilateral donor 66.5 billion sep 2023 bilateral security agreement

Russia Ukraine - US’s perspectives under trump

• work towards …

• end the war …(quote) (date)

peace “in 24 hours” june 2023

Russia Ukraine - interests under trump

• end … … on usa

• achieve … benefiting the usa

• improve us-russia …

financial burden deals relations

Russia Ukraine - responses under trump

• stopped sharing … with ukraine (date) - forced them to agree to … day ceasefire

• … point peace plan (date)

intelligence mar 2025 30 28 nov 2025

Russia Ukraine - when was the 20 point peace plan

it said ukraine would limit its army to …

dec 2025 800,000

Russia Ukraine - UN interests are to “maintain … … … … , which is from … of the UN charter

international peace and security” Ch1, Article 1 (1)

Russia Ukraine - example of UNSC paralysis is … (date), stating that Russia must …

s/2022/155 (feb 2022) withdraw from ukraine immediately

Russia Ukraine - When was putin’s warrant for arrest because of abduction of ukrainian children?

mar 2023

Russia Ukraine - when was the … … grain … signed?

black sea initiative july 2022

Russia Ukraine - how much grain was transported because of the black sea grain initiative

33 million tons

Russia Ukraine - UNSC perspective is that they must ensure the UN’s purpose through … …

UNGA perspective is that they must maintain … … through universal condemnation

binding enforcement moral authority

Russia Ukraine - 2 articles from the UN Charter:

first one (name) aims to …

second one (name) says state parties must refrain from use of … or … against other states

Ch 1 Article 1 (1), “maintain international peace and security”, Ch 1 Article 2 (4), threat, force

Russia Ukraine - The challenges to resolution are:

• declining … …

• resistance to, and inability of, … …

• … shadow

• … limitations of Ukraine

global interest, diplomatic resolutions, nuclear, material

Russia Ukraine - consequences are:

• global … …

• changing global …

• … consolidation

• formation of … … …

economic disruption, relationships, NATO, Coalition of the Willing

Russia Ukraine - Example of global economic disruption:

Pre-war: Russia and Ukraine made up almost …% of global wheat exports

Global food prices were around …% higher in (date) than (date)

30, 12, dec 2023, dec 2021

Russia Ukraine - NATO consolidation:

Who joined 2023, and 2024?

NATO military spending goal: at least …% on defense, was met in …

Finland, Sweden, 2, 2025

Russia Ukraine - Changing global relationships:

Russia announced suspension of participation in New START in …

New START outlines that Russia/US must deploy no more than … strategic nuclear warheads

Feb 2023, 1550

Russia Ukraine - The UNSC resolution that did pass: Res … (date), was stripped of all mentions of Russian aggression

2774, Feb 2025

Russia Ukraine - what is the unga resolution that was passed (date), demanding russian withdrawal from ukraine

UNGA resolution ES-11/1 (Mar 2022)

China BRI - The … … estimates annual global revenue of $… (billion/trillion) by (year), through improving developing states’ ability to trade with China

World Bank, 1.6, trillion, 2030

China BRI - In (year), China put $… (million/billion) in cleaner energy investment

2023, 7.9, billion

China BRI - (environment) Biden said that the BRI was … in (year)

“dirty fossil fuel energy projects”, 2020

China BRI - Biden demonstrates the Western belief that the BRI was creating debt trap diplomacy through quote: … (month, year)

“debt and noose”, Aug 2023

China BRI - In (month, year), the Solomon Islands signed to join the BRI

Oct 2019

China BRI - China spent over $… (billion/trillion) in the first … years of the BRI

1, trillion, 10

China BRI - … states have adopted China’s language on Taiwan reunification

70

China BRI - … states recognise Taiwan (year)

12, 2026

China BRI - China provided over … (million/billion) masks to other states, prioritising BRI states

10, billion

China SI - Solomon Islands were promised $… (million/billion) in aid after no longer recognising Taiwan

730, million

China BRI - By (year), trade between China and BRI states exceeded $… (billion/trillion)

2016, 3, trillion

China SCS - The … … … justifies the necessity of a strong navy, due to foreign powers attacking by sea

Century of Humiliation

China SCS - Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson called the UNCLOS ruling (year) …

2016, “null and void”

China SCS - FONOPs stand for…

Freedom Of Navigation Operations

China SCS - There was a FONOP in (month, year), with ships from … (4)

August 2024, Australia, US, Canada and Philippines

China SCS - The Philippines called … Reef a … (month, year)

Mischief, “militarised artificial island”, Nov 2023

China SCS - Water cannoning (year) lead to a … … (month, year)

2024, Provisional Arrangment, July 2024

China SCS - There is a … hectare network of island military bases (year)

3200, 2025

China SCS - …% of China’s trade goes through the SCS

40

China CIs - China calls the CIs a … between China and the world

“bridge reinforcing friendship”

China CIs - There are … CIs in Southeast Asia (year)

41, 2023

China CIs - CIs teach … (4)

Mandarin, calligraphy, cooking, culture

China BRI - China makes up ~…% of Sri Lanka’s debt (year)

12, 2022

China BRI - In (year), China got a … … in … port

2017, controlling stake, Hambantota

China BRI - When was the BRI incorporated into the constitution?

2017

China - China has the …nd largest GDP in the world

2

Aus PNG - When was the Bilateral Security Agreement?

Dec 2023

Aus PNG - The … … Agreement (Dec 2023) was a … not a treaty, and did not have a … … guarantee. There was no clause blocking PNG’s … with other states.

Bilateral Security, framework, mutual defense, dealing

Aus PNG - When was the NRL deal?

Dec 2024

Aus PNG - The NRL deal is $… (m/b/t) over 10 years, and $…(m/b/t) per year.

600, m, 60, m

Aus PNG - The NRL deal has an … clause for Australia, that they can terminate the deal if PNG strikes a … or … deal with China.

escape, security, policing

Aus PNG - While Albanese said Australia and PNG are “…”, he also called Australia PNG’s “…”

“united… by a love of rugby league”, “security partner of choice”

Aus PNG - When was the Pukpuk treaty?

Oct 2025

Aus PNG - The … treaty is a … … treaty with provisions preventing either party from entering … … agreements.

Pukpuk, mutual defense, third party

Aus PNG - Who is the PNG prime minister?

James Marape

Aus PNG - What is Marape’s standing doctrine?

“friends to all, enemies to none”

Aus PNG - Marape called the Pukpuk treaty a product of …

“geography, not geopolitics”

Aus PNG - What does ODA stand for?

Official Development Assistance

Aus PNG - What was Australia’s ODA to PNG (years)?

$707m, 2025-26

Aus PNG - How far is PNG from Australia?

4km

Aus - Australia is the …th largest economy in the world.

12

Aus PNG - A challenge regarding the Pukpuk treaty is that Marape stated there was a … … that PNG would remain neutral in a China-Australia conflict. (date)

“high possibility”, Oct 2025

Aus PNG - A challenge for the Bilateral Security Agreement was that China continued to engage with PNG over a policing deal. China’s … minister visited PNG in (date)

foreign, April 2024

WMDs - In (year), Russia had … nuclear warheads and the US had …

2025, 5449, 5277

WMDs - The three short term causes of nuclear proliferation are …

militarism, armed conflict, global interconnectedness

WMDs - China is projected to have … nuclear weapons by (year), and … by (later year)

1000, 2030, 1500, 2035

WMDs - In (month, year), Russia suspended participation in New START, which limited … … … to (number) each for the US and Russia. This meant that New START ended in (month, year).

Feb 2023, deployed strategic warheads, 1550, Feb 2026