HW 2: Exam Like Question

Questions that can possibly be similarly asked on exam 2 that you will need to know. Includes multiple choice and short response answers.

How do osmoregulating fish that live in hyperosmotic environments regulate their internal water and solutes?

A. they make large amounts of dilute urine and uptake salt through their gills

B. they change the osmolarity of their internal fluids to match their environment

C. they generate small amounts of concentrated urine and excrete salt through their gills

D. they make small amounts of very dilute urine and uptake salt through their gills

C. they generate small amounts of concentrated urine and excrete salt through their gills

What is one advantage to endothermy?

A. Endothermic animals have a lower metabolic rate

B. Endothermic animals can usually tolerate a wider range of temperatures

C. Endothermic animals need less calories

D. Endothermic animals must stay in environments where the temperature doesn't vary

B. Endothermic animals can usually tolerate a wider range of temperatures

The inner medulla of the kidney is _________________ to the cortex of the kidney.

A. hypoosmotic

B. isoosmotic

C. hyperosmotic

C. hyperosmotic

As filtrate passes through the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle, 

A. salt is reabsorbed passively only

B. water is reabsorbed passively only

C. water is reabsorbed passively and actively

D. salt is reabsorbed passively and actively

D. salt is reabsorbed passively and actively

Which of the following properties is important to maintaining an action potential that travels in one direction only?

A. Na+ channels are temporarily inactive after their initial opening

B. Na+ channels close quickly

C. K+ channels inhibit Na+ channels from opening

D. K+ channels open slowly

A. Na+ channels are temporarily inactive after their initial opening

In myelinated neurons, Schwann cells completely cover the entire length of the axon.

A. true

B. false

B. false

_______ neurons carry information to the CNS, while _________ neurons carry information from the CNS to the body.

A. afferent; efferent

B. efferent;afferent

A. afferent; efferent

How does the sodium/potassium pump drive the uptake of glucose and vitamins in the proximal tubule?

Glucose and vitamin uptake in the proximal tubule happens by the primary active transport pumping 3 Na+ sodium ions out and the 2 K+ potassium ions back into the cells using the process of ATP. The secondary active transport is where the membrane uses the downward movement of Na+ sodium from filtrate into the cell transport of glucose and the vitamins against the concentration gradient happening.

Some drugs prevent specific neurotransmitter reuptake at the synapse. How does this affect a postsynaptic neuron? 

This affects a postsynaptic neuron because it is the area where information processing happens. Our neurons have many excitatory and inhibitory inputs, so if a drug were to prevent specific neurotransmitter reuptake at the synapse it can cause the neurotransmitter to stay at the synaptic cleft longer than usual. The neurotransmitter will also always be binding to receptors of the postsynaptic membrane as well either in the enhanced excitation or the enhanced inhibition. 

Your friend tells you "I'm going to turn on my sympathetic nervous system so I sleep better tonight." Name 2 things wrong with this statement.

• The 1st thing wrong is sympathetic nervous system controls the fight or flight response in our nervous system. This increases our energy generation such as alertness, increase of heart rate, and adrenaline rush in our body. If the friend wants to sleep well they will need to turn on their parasympathetic system that controls the rest and digestion nervous system.

• The 2nd thing that is wrong is we can't just turn on or off our sympathetic system at an instant or free will because it operates in an automatic or involuntary control under our consciousness.