social studies unit 2 population vocabulary

Population: The total number of people living in a place.

2. Demography: The study of human populations and how they change.

3. Population Distribution: The way people are spread out across an area.

4. Population Density: The number of people living in a certain amount of space.

5. Arithmetic Density: The total population divided by the total land area.

6. Physiological Density: The number of people compared to the amount of farmland.

7. Agricultural Density: The number of farmers compared to the amount of farmland.

8. Crude Birth Rate (CBR): The number of live births per 1,000 people in one year.

9. Crude Death Rate (CDR): The number of deaths per 1,000 people in one year.

10. Natural Increase Rate (NIR): The rate at which a population grows when births are higher than deaths.

11. Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The average number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime.

12. Infant Mortality Rate: The number of babies who die before their first birthday per 1,000 live births.

13. Life Expectancy: The average number of years a person is expected to live.

14. Demographic Transition Model (DTM): A model that shows how birth rates, death rates, and population change as a country develops.

15. Population Pyramids: Graphs that show the ages and sexes of people in a population.

16. Natalism: The belief or policies that encourage people to have more children.

17. Epidemiological Transition: The change in the main causes of death as a country develops, from infectious diseases to more long-term diseases. 1. Physical factors influencing population distribution: People often live near water, flat land, and good farmland because these places are easier to live in.

2. Finding the Natural Increase Rate (NIR): Subtract the crude death rate from the crude birth rate, then divide by 10 to get a percentage.

• Formula: (\text{NIR} = \frac{\text{CBR} - \text{CDR}}{10})

• Example: If the birth rate is 20 and the death rate is 8, the NIR is 1.2%.

3. Demographic Transition Model (DTM): The model has five stages that show how birth rates, death rates, and population growth change as a country develops.

4. Healthcare Debates in the United States: People debate how healthcare should be paid for, who should receive it, and whether the government should provide more help paying for it.