Criminal Justice and American Policing: History, Agencies & Reform

What are the three major components of the criminal justice system?

Police, courts, and corrections.

Who founded the London Metropolitan Police Service?

Sir Robert Peel in 1829.

What is vigilantism?

The act of taking the law into one's own hands.

What is the Statute of Winchester?

A law written in 1285 that created the watch and ward system in English cities and towns.

What is the significance of the Walnut Street Jail?

It is considered the very first prison in America, established in 1773.

What is the Eastern State Penitentiary known for?

It is considered the world's first true penitentiary, designed by John Haviland and opened in 1829.

What does the term 'Bobbies' refer to?

The popular British name for members of Sir Robert Peel's metropolitan police force.

What role do bailiffs play in the court system?

They are officials who deal with tasks such as maintaining order in court.

What is the role of local law enforcement?

Municipal departments, rural sheriffs, and specialized groups like campus and transit police.

What is the FBI known for?

It is the most famous federal law enforcement agency in the world.

Who was Henry Fielding?

A well-known writer and magistrate of the Bow Street region of London.

What is the role of a sheriff?

The elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency.

What was the Bow Street Runners?

An early English police unit formed under the leadership of Henry Fielding.

What is considered the first prison in America?

Walnut Street Jail, established in 1773.

When did the Eastern State Penitentiary open?

October 25, 1829.

Who designed the Eastern State Penitentiary?

John Haviland.

What was the first inmate's crime at Eastern State Penitentiary?

Burglary.

What was the prison population in the United States in 1860?

19,086 prisoners.

What crimes were most common in the 1800s?

Street robbery, murder, petty thievery, prostitution, rape, being drunk and disorderly, and poaching.

How many federal law enforcement agencies exist in the U.S.?

14 government departments and 28 non-departmental agencies.

What was the prison population in the United States in 1870?

32,901 prisoners.

What is the significance of the Eastern State Penitentiary?

It is considered the world's first true penitentiary.

What was the first inmate's name at Eastern State Penitentiary?

Charles Williams.

What crime did Charles Williams commit?

Theft, including a twenty-dollar watch.