Intro to Media Production exam 1

What are the three phases of production?

1. preproduction

2. production

3. postproduction

what is preproduction?

-preparation of production details

1. idea generation

2. who is your target audience?

3. who and what do we need?

4. Most important phase

What is production?

-Actual activities in which an event is videotaped and or televised

-cameras are rolling

What is post-production?

any production activity that occurs after the production (usually editing or audio sweetening)

1. select best pieces

2. enhance picture and sound quality

3. correct minor production mistakes

4. assemble shots and scenes into coherent whole

5. longest phase

What is the effect to cause production model?

-how to move from show idea to finished product with maximum of efficiency

1. think cause and effect in reverse

2. figure out what you want to do-then how to make it happen

What are the five elements to the cause-and-effect production model?

1. know basic idea of production

2. Target audience: who are they and what do we know about them

3. Ask: what do you want audience to learn, feel and do?

4. Constant angle

5. Medium requirements: who, what, and where

When do we combine roles in production jobs?

In small production companies and televisor stations often combine many roles into one job position

producer

nurtures idea, state’s specific purpose of production, hires all personnel, coordinates technical and nontechnical production elements, often doubles as writer and director

Director

translates script into specific video and audio images (visionary), in charge of directing talent and technical operations

Technical director

(TD)

in a live broadcast this person operates the video switcher

writer

writes down what they want the viewer to see and hear

production designer

uses script and directors’ comments for set design, in charge of decorating for set, creates environment that fits style (mood) of production

Lighting director

(LD)

design lighting, uses floor plan to determine the basic lighting setup before entering the studio

floor manager

also called floor director, in charge of all activities on studio floor (setting up scenery, moving talent into place, relaying directors cues to talent, communicates directors’ comments on the studio floor)

production assistant

(PA)

assists producer and director during production, does everything, anything

lowest position

Talent

all performers and actors who regularly appear on camera

actor

someone who portrays someone else on camera

performer

someone who appears on camera in non-dramatic activities, always portrays him or herself

choreographer

determines all movement of dancers, fight scenes

property manager

maintains and manages use of various set and hand properties-larger productions

-in smaller productions props are managed by the floor manager

C.G. operator

operates computer graphics during a live production (C.G.=computer graphics)

director of photography

(DP)

first camera, cinematographer

-takes care of lighting and camera operation in single-camera productions

Camera operators

also called videographers, operate studio and field cameras, sometimes also do lighting

editor

operates video editing equipment, makes creative decisions

audio engineer/ mixer

in charge of all the audio operations in production, operates audio console

sound designer

in charge of “designing” the soundtrack of a complete production

foley artist

re-creates sound for film, video, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality

-they replace sounds that can’t properly be recorded on set

What is the electron g*n?

emits tiny but sharp electron beam, shines on thousands of tiny phosphorus dots

-color TV-3 electrons g*ns (RGB)

what does RGB mean?

Red, green, blue

What is interlaced scanning?

reads left to right, top to bottom

-skips every other line

-begins with the odds and then evens

What is progressive scanning?

reads left to right, top to bottom

-does not skip lines

what do “i” and “p” stand for?

“i”= interlaced

“p”= progressive

Resolution for SD

720×480

4:3

Resolution for HD

1280×720

resolution for FHD

1920×1080

16:9

Resolution for 4k

3840×2160

What does the lens do?

determines what the camera can see

What are the two ways we classify lenses?

Focal length and speed

What is focal length?

the distance between the center of a lens or curved mirror and it’s focus

-short vs long

What is another name for a zoom lens?

telephoto lens

What is an optical zoom?

elements inside the lens activate the change of angle of view

what is lens speed?

speed refers to how much light can pass through a lens to the imaging device

number relationship between the aperture size and speed (fast/slow)

-the lower the number the faster the lens

the bigger the number the slower the lens

What is an iris?

device that controls the amount of light transmitted

what is aperture?

the opening in the iris

What is frame rate?

number of frames being recorded each second

-common frame rates are 24, 30,60

what is shutter speed?

how long each frame is exposed

ISO

old days: speed of film-how tight or loose the grain was

-now: gain (signal booster)

-gain=grain

what is white balance?

the adjustments of the color circuits in the camera to produce white color in lighting of various color temperatures

what is headroom?

the distance between the top of the head and the top of the video frame

pan

to turn camera horizontally form a fixed point

tilt

to point the camera up or down

pedestal

to move the camera up or down

dolly

to move the camera toward or away from an object

zoom

to activate a telephoto lens and change the focal length

zolly/dolly zoom

the camera zooms in while pulling back (or vise versa)

track

often to move the camera laterally

cant

to turn camera on it’s side

arc

to move the camera in a curved motion

extreme long shot

(ELS)

-entire form and setting aka establishing shot

long shot

(LS)

-entire form

from top of the head to bottom of the feet

Medium long shot

(MLS)

-just below the knees and up

Medium shot

(MS)

-just below the waist and up

bust shot/medium close up

(MCU)

-lower chest and up

close up

(CU)

-top of the shoulders and up

-common to have top of head cut off

extreme close up

(ECU)

-cut on neck and take top of head off

two shot

two people in shot

-frame headroom to the taller of the two

three shot

three people in a shot

frame headroom to tallest of the 3

cross shot

(CS)

-subject is looking passed the camera

over the shoulder shot

(OTS)

-shooting over one person’s shoulder to see another

rule of thirds

image should be divided into 9 equal parts by equally spaced horizontal line and 2 equally spaced vertical lines