Expressive and Receptive Communication Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering core terms, language components, phonetics, developmental milestones, and communication processes from lecture notes.

Language

Standardized set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols into words/sentences to convey ideas and feelings.

Phonemes

Speech sounds of a language that can change meaning.

Manner of Articulation

How the airflow is obstructed or modified (complete, partial, fast, or slow) during speech sound production.

Place of Articulation

Places where the speech sound is made within the vocal tract.

Voicing

Classification of speech sounds based on whether they use the vocal folds (voiced) or do not use the vocal folds (voiceless).

Phonetic Transcription

A method used to write down exactly how someone with a speech disorder pronounces words.

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Standardized symbols used to note precisely how speech sounds are made.

Syllable

Fundamental unit within the phonological structure of language composed of both consonantal and vocalic elements.

Nucleus

Core of each syllable, most often a vowel, in which the remaining parts of the syllable are organized.

Semantics

The meaning of single words or the meanings when words are joined together.

Lexicon

An internalized or mental dictionary of words.

Phonology

Inventory and organization of speech sounds used in a particular language.

Morphology

The internal architecture of words.

Morpheme

The smallest meaningful grammatical unit.

Free Morpheme

A morpheme that cannot be broken down into smaller units that carry independent meaning (e.g., bird).

Bound Morpheme

A prefix or suffix that modifies grammar and cannot stand alone (e.g., the plural suffix s).

Syntax

Formal rules and conventions for combining words into meaningful sequences (commonly referred to as Grammar).

Pragmatics

The area of language use that assists in understanding how contextual factors influence choices in phrasing, tone, and timing.

Odynophagia

Pain experienced with swallowing.

Cooing

An early phase of infant vocalization characterized by producing different types of sounds such as growls, squeals, and raspberries.

Babbling

Infant vocal production emerging around 6 to 8 months featuring rhythmic syllable strings of speech sounds.

Expressive Jargon

Infant vocalization stage around 9 months where babbling changes to sound like adult-like intonation patterns without using real words.

Phonological Awareness

Mental manipulation of sound structures that individuals say and hear; a critical skill needed for learning to read.

Balanced Bilingualism

Condition in which a bilingual individual receives equal exposure to both languages.

Dominant Bilingualism

Condition in which a bilingual individual has more exposure to one language than another.

Discourse

Extended discussion in speech, which includes conversation and narration.

Basic Model of Speech Communication Processes

Model showing how sender thoughts and feelings are encoded into words, programmed into speech sounds, produced as speech sounds, transmitted as acoustic energy, converted to electrical impulses, recognized, decoded, and interpreted by the receiver.

Bilabial Consonant

Sounds made by bring both lips together

Ex. p, b, m

Labiodental Consonant

Sounds produced by placing the bottom lip against the upper teeth. Ex. f, v

Dental Consonant

Sounds produced using the tongue against the upper teeth. Ex. th

Alveolar Consonant

Sounds produced by placing the tongue against the alveolar ridge behind the upper front teeth. Ex. s, z, l, r.

Palatal Consonant

Sounds produced by raising the body of the tongue to the hard palate. Ex. y, ch, sh

Velar Consonant

Sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate. Ex. k, g, ng.

Glottal Consonant

Sounds produced by obstructing airflow at the glottis

Ex. h

Front Vowel

Vowels made in the front of the mouth

Ex. kEy, bEEn, hOt

Central Vowel

Vowels made in the center of the mouth

Ex. cUte, stUdy, fUll

Back Vowels

Vowels made in the back of the mouth

Ex. bOOt, fOOd, sOUght

High Vowels

Vowels made towards the top of the mouth

Ex. kEy, lOOt

Mid Vowels

Vowels made in the middle height of the mouth

Ex. bEEn, mUd, bOAt

Low Vowels

Vowels made in the bottom of the mouth

Ex. hOt, bOUght

0-24 Months

Content: Receptive communication (starts at 6 months)

Form: Cooing, to babbling, to expressive jargon (up to 2 word utterances)

Use: Eye gaze, gestures

2-5 Years

Content: Expanded vocabulary (using prepositions, time relationships, adjectives, and pronouns)

Form: Can produce all speech sounds by 8 years, using more accurate and longer sentences

Use: Discourse (extended discussion), being conversational and using narration

School-Age Years

Content: Larger vocabulary, can use figurative language

Form: Phonological awareness (mental manipulation of sound structures), can use clauses correctly (subject, verb, and object combinations)

Use: Longer conversations, able to switch topics, able to persuade

Aging Language Changes

Trouble with word-retrieval, slower processing speed, diminished vocabulary, pauses during speech, increase in grammatical errors