MA 114 Week 5 In-Person Quiz

6 rights of medication administration

patient

drug

dose

route

time

documentation

oral drug types

tablets

capsules

liquids

lozenges

tablets

typically a pressed medication powder pill with a scored line down the middle, which indicates the medication can be broken in two for half doses to be administered

capsules

very thin digestible tube in which powder or granule medication is placed within. while it is possible to open the capsule there is no wat of evenly splitting the medication and thus capsules cannot be given in half doses

skills to ensure safe dosage calculations

accurate mathematical skills

safe dosage calculations

close attention to detail

common sense

metric system

In the metric system, measurements are based on multiples of 10.

The apothecary and household systems are not generally used for dosage calculation.

liters (L) are used to measure volume and grams (g) are used to measure weight.

apothecary system

The apothecary system uses units such as fluid ounces, pints, and quarts for volume, and drams, ounces and pounds for weight.

household system

The only household units used for measurement are units of volume. They include drops, teaspoons, tablespoons, ounces, cups, pints, quarts, and gallons.

volume

refers to the amount of space a drug occupies

weight

refers to its heaviness

kilo

1000

centi

100

milli

1000

micro

1,000,000

kg to lb

1 kg = 2.2 lbs

want, got , need method

want / got = need

POCT

point of care testing

urinalysis tests for

leukocytes

nitrite

urobilinogen

protein

pH

blood

specific gravity

ketones

bilirubin

glucose

leukocytes

• White blood cells

• If these are present it could indicate an infection

nitrite

• Byproduct of bacteria

• If this is present it could indicate an infection

urobilinogen

• Normal in urine

• Too much can indicate liver disease or anemia

protein

• Small amounts are normal

• Large amounts can indicate kidney disease

pH

• Normal range is 4.5-8

• Readings out of this range can indicate a number of things such as kidney stone, diabetic ketoacidosis, dehydration, etc.

blood

• Trace amounts may be normal/inconsequential

• Higher amounts can indicate an infection, kidney stones, an injury, etc.

specific gravity

• The concentration of the urine

• Abnormal levels can indicate dehydration or kidney problems

ketones

• Byproduct of using fat for energy (instead of glucose)

• High ketones can be an indication of diabetes

bilirubin

• Not normal in urine

• Can indicate a liver issue

glucose

• Little to no glucose is normal in urine

• High levels indicates that blood sugar

normal urine

should be pale yellow to amber in color, clear or slightly cloudy, with a pH between 4.5 and 8, a specific gravity between 1.005 and 1.030, and negative results for glucose, ketones, protein, bilirubin, nitrites, and leukocytes

hCG

human chorionic gonadotropin

hCG testing

detects a hormone produced during pregnancy. A urine hCG test is a quick, CLIA-waived procedure that can confirm pregnancy within days of implantation. While blood hCG tests are more sensitive, the urine version is fast and useful for most screening purposes. First-morning urine is ideal because it contains the highest concentration of hCG.

microalbumin/creatinine ratio

The microalbumin/creatinine ratio is an important screening tool for early kidney damage, especially in patients with diabetes or hypertension.

This test detects small amounts of albumin in urine that are not visible on a standard urinalysis.

Results under 30 mg/g creatinine are considered normal. A result between 30 and 300 mg/g indicates early kidney damage (microalbuminuria), and a result above 300 mg/g suggests more advanced damage (macroalbuminuria). The test usually requires a clean-catch specimen,

drug screening

Drug screening identifies the presence of specific drug metabolites in urine. It may be done for employment purposes, legal reasons, or medical monitoring.

These tests often require strict chain-of-custody documentation to ensure the validity of results.

The MA’s role may include explaining the process, supervising the collection to prevent tampering, and ensuring the specimen is handled according to policy.

types of urine collection

• Random specimen: Collected at any time of day, often used for routine screening.

• First-morning specimen: More concentrated, preferred for pregnancy testing and certain metabolic tests.

• Clean-catch midstream specimen: Used to minimize contamination when testing for infection or ordering a urine culture.

• Timed specimen (e.g., 24-hour collection): Measures substances excreted over a specific period.

urine sample label

name

date

time