Chapter 4: The Cell

Magnification

See something in a larger scale

Resolution

Ability to tell 2 separate things apart

Contrast

See more in color

Total Magnification of the scale lens

4x → 40x

Total magnification for low power lens

10x → 100x

Total magnification for high power lens

40x → 400x

Total magnification for oil immersion lens

100x →1000x

Explain the reason why cells must be small

Cells need to have a large surface area and a small volume area to allow diffusion to work quickly

Function of Flagella

Enables cell movement

Function of Centrosomes

MTOC that duplicates and forms the mitotic spindle during cell division

Function of Rough ER

Synthesizes, folds, and transport proteins

Function of Smooth ER

Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium, and detoxifies drug and poisons

Function of Chloroplasts

Capture sunlit and use it to produces glucose through photosynthesis

Function of Nucleus

Double-membranes control center that houses and protects the cell’s DNA and regulates metabolism and growth

Function of Nucleolus

Responsible for producing and assembling ribosomes components

Function of Ribosome

Makes proteins

Function of Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport inside or outside the cell

Function of Lyosomes

Contains digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste, old organelles, and foreign invadersFunction of

Function of Mitochrindria

Powerhouse of the cell that performs cellular respiration to generate ATP energy

Function of Peroxisomes

Breaks down toxins/poisons

Function of Microvilli

Absorbs or releases molecules really quick

1st of the cyotskeleton

Microfilament: Actin, gives cells shape

2nd of the cytoskeleton

Intermediate filament: keratin, structural integrity

3rd of the cytoskeleton

Microtubules: tubulin, involved in movement

Describe pathway that a secretory protein follows

draw it somewhere then come back

Tight Junction

No leakage between cells

Desmosomes

Prevents damage to cells when stretched or pushed

Gap Junction

Electrical communication and allowing ions to flow through

Compare and contrast animal calls vs plant cells

Draw pic??