RESPIRATORY_SYSTEM

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Last updated 4:14 AM on 8/10/24
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21 Terms

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Purposes of RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  • Respiration

  • Phonation

  • Olfaction

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Segments of respiratory system

  • Nasal Cavity

  • Pharynx

  • Larynx

  • Trachea

  • Bronchi

  • Lungs

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NASAL CAVITY is bounded by:

  • Dorsal: nasal bone

  • Ventral: Palatine bone

  • Lateral: pre maxilla & maxilla

  • Rostral: Nostrils/anterior nares

  • Caudal: Choanae/posterior nares

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Nasal septum

separates the right and left cavities of the nasal cavity

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PHARYNX

Serves as a common passageway for digestive and respiratory tracts

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Apertures of the pharynx

  • Nasopharynx

  • Oropharynx

  • Laryngopharynx

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LARYNX (voice box)

A cartilaginous valvular apparatus, which

connects the pharynx and trachea

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Functions of the larynx

  • To regulate air volume in respiration

  • To prevent entry of foreign bodies to

    the lungs (which can lead to

    aspiration)

  • To act as the organ of voice

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Paired cartilages of the larynx

  • Arytenoids

  • Cuneiforms

  • Curniculates

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Unpaired cartilages of the larynx

  • Epiglottic

  • Cricoid

  • Thyroid

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TRACHEA (windpipe)

  • A cartilaginous and membranous tube, which extends from larynx down to bronchi

  • Patent structure (always open)

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The layers of the trachea (outer to inner)

  • Fascia propria

  • Cartilaginous rings (U-Shaped)

  • Fibro-elastic layer

  • Muscular layer

  • Mucus membrane layer

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BRONCHI

  • Right & Left Primary bronchi

  • Secondary bronchi

  • Tertiary bronchi

  • Bronchioles

  • Pulmonary alveoli

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Surfaces of the LUNGS

  • Costal

  • Mediastinal

  • Interlobar

  • Diaphragmatic

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Diaphragm

A skeletal muscle which forms a partition between thoracic and abdominal cavity

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Pleura

mesothelial lining of thorax

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Peritoneum

counterpart of pleura; mesothelial lining of the abdomen

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3 lines of reflection of parietal pleura

  • Vertebral

  • Sternal

  • Diaphragmatic

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Parts of mediastinum

  • Precardial

  • Cardial

  • Postcardial

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Parts of the diaphragm

  • Costal

  • Sternal

  • Lumbar

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3 perforation/openings/foramina of diaphragm

  • Hiatus vena cava/caval foramen

    hiatus

  • Esophageal hiatus

  • Aortic hiatus