HLT 4310 Program Planning- EXAM 2 [ch 6,7,8] Thursday, 10/29/26

What is the mission statement

Why does this program exist right now?

What does the mission statement describe

why an organization exists right now.

It answers three simple questions: Who we help, What we do, and How/Why we do it.

3 things that encompass the mission statement

1. WHO: The specific group of people being helped (the target audience).

2. WHAT: The main action or service being provided.

3. WHY: The big reason or purpose behind doing it.

…mission statement example

"To cook and serve low-cost, fresh vegetables to middle schoolers so all students can fuel their minds and bodies for school."

• WHO: Middle schoolers

• WHAT: Serving low-cost, fresh vegetables

• WHY: To fuel minds and bodies

this is an example of …

Mission vs goal statement

• : Describes what an organization is doing RIGHT NOW every day (the Who, What, and Why).

• Describes the FUTURE SUCCESS you want to reach down the road (the Target you are aiming for).

Vision statement example; mission vs vision

… BIG DREAM or the perfect future a group wants to build. While a ___ is what you do today, a _____ is what the world will look like tomorrow if you succeed!

Mission is different to vision statement in the way that they are more oriented towards ____

the future

Goals are less specific than ____ and are used for long term expectations

objectives (or SMART objectives)

Characteristics of goals

____ is a broad, high-level statement that describes the big picture outcome or ultimate long-term expectation of a health program.

Goal example

EX:"Increase daily physical activity and active travel among local middle schoolers.”

"Improve the eating habits and nutrition of middle school students in our school district."

It gives a big-picture direction (better nutrition) without listing exact percentages, dates, or daily calories.

Example of a goal

a broad, big-picture statement about what you want to achieve in the long run. It sets the general direction without getting bogged down in tiny details or exact numbers.

Objective definition

is a specific, measurable step or milestone that you must complete to reach a big long-term goal.

objective example

"By December 2027, 80% of middle school students in the district will complete 30 minutes of daily exercise during physical education class."

Phase 7 if program planning is _____ and is defined by_____

Process Evaluation; assessing whether the program is being implemented as planned and reaching the target audience.

Phase 8 of program planning is _____ and is defined by_____

Impact Evaluation;measuring the immediate, short-term changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, or environment caused by the program.

Phase 9 of program planning is _____ and is defined by_____

Outcome Evaluation;measuring the ultimate, long-term health results, quality of life changes,or disease reduction in the target population over time.

healthy people 2030

A 10-year national plan set by the U.S. government that acts like a health report card and game plan for the whole country.

health experts set realistic, measurable targets to help all Americans live longer, healthier lives by the end of the decade.

SMART OBJECTIVES

S-

M-

A-

R-

T-

• S – Specific: Clearly states WHO is involved and WHAT action will happen (no vague ideas).

• M – Measurable: Includes a number, percentage, or count so you can TRACK if you succeeded.

• A – Achievable: Realistic and POSSIBLE to accomplish with your time and budget.

• R – Relevant: Directly MATCHES and supports your overall big-picture goal.

• T – Time-bound: Has a clear deadline or DATE by which it must be finished.

Smart Objective example

SMART Objective: "By May 2027 (Time-bound), 80% of 7th grade students (Specific) will participate in 30 minutes of daily physical activity (Measurable & Achievable) during PE class to improve youth cardiovascular health (Relevant)."

Components or Elements of objectives are not the same as ____ _____

SMART criteria (or objective types).

What does it look like to develop a mission , goal, objective ?

Places where changes occur, time frame/ time sensitive, when

Mission statement ex

"To cook and serve low-cost, fresh vegetables to middle schoolers every school day so all students can fuel their minds and bodies for learning."

• WHO: Middle schoolers

• WHAT: Cook and serve low-cost, fresh vegetables daily

• WHY: To fuel minds and bodies for learning

example of

Coalition definition [slides]

A diverse group of individuals and

organizations who work together to reach

a common goal.

Community Coalition

Group of individuals representing diverse

organizations, factions, or constituencies

within the community who agree to work

together to achieve a common goal.

Coalition goals

That goal often includes one of the

following:

– Adapting, creating, or developing public

policy.

– Influencing people's behavior.

– Building a healthy community

Disadvantages of coalition

• Can lack clear objectives or be difficult to agree common objectives.

• Forming and managing _____ can be time-consuming and bureaucratic process ; can take away time from working directly on issues

• May be dominated by one powerful organization

more disadvantages of a coalition

• Having to Compromise

• Slow Decision-Making

• Lack of Resources

• Donor Control

• Less Credit

• Hard to Track: difficult to monitor and evaluate moving parts and activities done by different members.

community involvement

means making sure the people who actually live in the community actively participate in making decisions—rather than outside "experts" telling them what to do. 3 levels of involvement too

Advantage of coalitions

• More Power & Voice: Speaking as one big group gets more attention from community leaders than working alone.

• Shared Ideas & Skills: Different members bring unique skills, knowledge, and creative solutions to the table.

• Shared Resources: Teaming up lets groups pool together money, tools, spaces, and volunteers.

• Wider Reach: Each group brings its own members, helping spread health messages to far more people.

• Avoids Repeat Work: Stops different organizations from doing the exact same task and wasting time or effort.

Community organizing

is the process where people in a neighborhood or city come together to identify shared health problems, gather resources, and take action to create lasting change.

Successful coalition characteristics

For a …. to actually succeed (instead of getting stuck in arguments or running out of steam), it needs strong leadership, clear goals, and mutual trust among all its members.

5 Steps of collaboration Gray 1989

• Knowing We Need Each Other:

• Solving Disagreements Peacefully: Turning arguments or differences of opinion into creative solutions instead of fights.

• Making Decisions as a Team: Planning together so everyone feels like they own the final decision

• Taking Responsibility Together: Signing official agreements so everyone actually does their fair share of the work.

• Staying Flexible: Understanding that plans will change over time, so the team must be ready to adapt and grow.

Coalition infrastructure example

backbone or structural setup of a coalition.

Example

The Goal: Reduce teen vaping across a school district.

• The Infrastructure in Action:

  • 👑 Steering Committee: School Principal, Health Department Director, and Parent-Teacher President.

  • 🛠 Subcommittees: One team designs classroom workshops; another team arranges local radio and social media ads.

  • 💼 Admin Support: A secretary sends out meeting notes and maintains the shared calendar so everyone stays on schedule.

what is coalition leadership?

is the person or group of leaders who guide, organize, and support the ____. Rather than acting like a boss who gives orders,

bridge builder—bringing different organizations together and helping everyone work as a team.

Potential members of a coalition

diverse mix of community groups, leaders, and everyday residents who bring different skills, resources, and perspectives to the table.

Stages of action plan

WHO will do WHAT, BY WHEN, and with WHAT RESOURCES to achieve a public health objective.

Benefits of starting coalitions for communities

it shifts from individual groups working alone in "silos" to a united front.

builds long-term community strength,

empowers residents,

solves complex health problems that no single organization could fix on its own.

Stages of coalition development

• Formation: –3–6 months

• Implementation: –9–12 months

• Maintenance: –12–18 months

• Outcome: –18 months–3 years

Potential members-coalition

diverse mix of community groups, leaders, and everyday residents who bring different skills, resources, and perspectives to the table.

Expected outcomes - coalition

concrete results and long-term changes you expect to see after a coalition works together over time. T

Health belief model: self efficacy

explains why people decide to take a healthy action (like getting a vaccine, quitting smoking, or wearing a seatbelt).

It says you will only change your behavior if your brain checks off three key beliefs:

1. "I could actually get sick." (Perceived Susceptibility) — You believe you are personally at risk.

2. "If I get sick, it’s going to be bad." (Perceived Severity) — You believe the problem is serious enough to worry about.

3. "Taking this action will actually protect me, and it’s worth the effort." (Perceived Benefits vs. Barriers) — You believe the fix works and isn't too hard, painful, or expensive to do.

Health belief model: transtheoretical model

Also called the "Stages of Change" model. It says nobody changes overnight. Changing a habit is like climbing a 5-step staircase:

Ecological model 5 levels of influence

Intrapersonal level

Interpersonal level

Institutional level

Community level

Public policy level

Disadvantages of the ecological model

👎 Disadvantages (The Bad)

• Hard & Expensive: Takes a lot of time, money, and teamwork to change laws or school rules.

• No "One-Size-Fits-All": No single theory works in every situation, so this model can be too complicated for small programs.

• Hard to Measure: It's tricky to track which specific layer (laws vs. friends) caused the healthy change.

advantages of the ecological model

• Fixes the whole environment, not just one person.

• Creating healthy spaces (like parks or safe biking paths) makes health habits last much longer.

• Combines personal motivation with real-world support and laws. More Powerful

Stages of behavior change

A model that shows how people don't change habits overnight. Instead, they move through 5 stages as they get ready, take action, and stick with a healthy habit.

Stages of behavior change 5 stages

• Precontemplation (Not Ready): "I don't have a problem and I don't want to change."

• Contemplation (Getting Ready): "I know I should change, maybe in the next 6 months."

• Preparation (Ready): "I'm making a plan to start very soon (within 30 days)!"

• Action (Doing It): "I started doing the new healthy habit within the last 6 months!"

• Maintenance (Keeping It Up): "I've stuck with this habit for more than 6 months!"

Precaution Adoption Process Model - what is it?

A model that shows how people go from knowing nothing about a health hazard to taking action and sticking with it. It breaks decisions down into 7 clear steps.

Social cognitive theory

People learn behaviors not just by doing, but by observing others, their environment, and their own thoughts.

Diffusion theory

A theory that explains how a new idea, product, or health habit spreads (diffuses) through a group of people over time. Not everyone tries new things at the same time!

Example of Health Promotion Program: AIDS Prevention

AIDS prevention in San Francisco in the 1980s

•Targeted different levels of influence

➢Intrapersonal level

●I am susceptible to infection.

●There is something I can do that will lessen the threat of infection.

●I am capable of making these changes.

➢Interpersonal level

●My peers support new behavior.

•Community level

●Educational programs for bartenders in gay establishmen

Limitation of theories

no one theory has been shown to be useful in all situations and settings.

Intervention

planned actions designed to prevent disease or injury or promote health in the priority population

7 steps Precaution Adoption Process Model

• Stage 1 (Unaware)

• Stage 2 (Unengaged)

• Stage 3 (Deciding)

• Stage 4 (Deciding not to Act)

• Stage 5 (Decided to Act)

• Stage 6 (Acting):

• Stage 7 (Maintenance):

What is a Strategy

general plan of action affecting a health problem

Public Health 3.0

completely shatters that bubble. Because health is shaped by where you live, go to school, and work, health departments have to team up with people who have nothing to do with medicine. That means partnering with:

City planners and housing authorities: To make sure neighborhoods have safe sidewalks, parks, and affordable housing.

Schools and local businesses: To support mental health programs and ensure workers have fair wages and safe conditions.

Transportation departments: To fix public transit deserts so people can actually get to fresh grocery stores or clinics.

Logic Models

A Logic Model is a step-by-step roadmap or diagram that shows how a health program is supposed to work—from start to finish.

Social cognitive theory

People learn by watching others (models) and seeing what happens to them. You then choose how to act based on your thoughts, your environment, and your confidence in yourself (self-efficacy).

Key Idea: Observe $\rightarrow$ Think $\rightarrow$ Imitate.

Social Cognitive theory example

You see a classmate get rewarded for raising their hand before talking. You realize raising your hand gets positive attention, so you decide to raise your hand too.

5 main building blocks of logic models

Input, Activities, Outputs, Outcomes, Impact