EMT Class: Life Span Development

Neonate

Birth to 1 month

Infant

1 to 12 months

Toddler

1 to 2 years

Preschooler

3 to 5 years

School aged

6 to 11 years

Adolescent

12 to 15 yearss

Early adulthood

Ages 20-40 years old

Neonates and infants

• Respiratory rate 40-60/min decreasing to 30-40/min within minutes

• tidal volume 6-8 ml/kg;

• Heart rate 140-160/min at birth, decreasing to 100-160/min in minutes;

• Systolic BP averages about 70 mmHg;

• Temperature 98 F to 100 F.

Toddlers

• Heart rate 98-140/min

• Respiratory rate 22-37/min

• Systolic BP 86-106 mmHg

• Temperature 98.6 F - 99.6 F

Preschooler

• Heart rate 80-120/min

• Respiratory rate 20-28/min

• Systolic BP 89-112 mmHg

• Temperature 98.6 F - 99.6

School age

• Heart rate 75-118/min

• Respiratory rate 18-25/min

• Systolic BP 97-115 mmHg

• Temperature 98.6 F

Adolescence

• Heart rate 60-100/min

• Respiratory rate 12-20/min

• Systolic BP 110-131 mmHg

• Temperature 98.6 F

Early adulthood/Middle adulthood

• Heart rate 70/min

• Respriatory rate 12-20/min

• BP 120/80 mmHg

• Temperature 98.6 F

Neonates and infants

Average birth weight is 3.0-3.5kg; the head accounts for 25% of the body weight; birth weight drops 5-10 percent in first two weeks, then increased thereafter; initial diet is breast milk/formula

Neonates and infants

Primarly nose breathing until 4 weeks of age; airways easily obstructed; fewer alveoli; lung tissue is fragile; chest wall is soft with weak acessory muscle

Neonates and infants

fatigue can occur easily from respiratory distress; increased respiration can lead to dehydration and heat loss; immune system is immature; immunizations r important; extremity movement should be symmetrical

Neonates and infants

inability to localize pain; poterior fontanelle closes at 3 months; Anterior fontanelle closes between 9 and 18 months

Neonates and infants

Support upper body when on stomach

2 months, Neonates and infants

In how many months should which life span group be able to meet these milestones:

Track objects with eyes; focus on objects 8-12 inches away; recognize familair faces; display primary emotions and facial expressions; recognize familiar sounds and voices; move in response to stimuli

6 months, neonates and infants

In how many months should which life span group be able to meet these milestones:

• Sit upright in a high chair

• Make on syable sounds (ma, mu, da, di)

• Support upper body on stomach

• Grasp and shake hand toys

• Follow moving objects with their eyes

• Recognize familiar objects at a distance

12 months, neonates and infants

• Sit w/out assistance and walk with help

• Know own name

• Crawl and creep on hands and kees

• Put objects into containers

• Poke objects w/ fingers

• Respond to simple requests and “no”

• Say “mama” or “dada”

Toddlers and Preschoolers

• Primary teeth have emerged

• Increased number of alveoli in the lungs

• Increased body mass w/ decreased body fat

• Loss of passive immunity, but active immunity develops through exposure to pathogens

• Brain and motor skills develop quickly

3 years, Preschoolers

In how many years should which life span group be able to meet these milestones:

• Walk w/out assistance, begin to run

• Pull or carry several toys when walking

• Climb up and down furniture w/ minimal support

• Scribble and play with toys

• Find hidden objects

• Sort objects by shape or color

5 years; Preschoolers

In how many years should which life span group be able to meet these milestones:

• Stand on one foot for more than ten seconds

• Hop, jump, swing, climb, and do sumersaults

• Dress and undress w/out assistance

• Count ten or more objects

• Trace and draw pictures

18 months

Development of separation anxiety at about how many months?

Toddlers/Preschoolers

• Language develops

• Playtime helps with social skills

• Speak at the child’s level

• Allow him to touch equipment, if appropriate

School age

• Bones increase in density and grow large

• Primary teeth are replaced with permanent teeth

• Ability to read and write

• Nocturnal enuresis may continue after the age of 10

School age

• Friendships are important

• Problem solving skills develop

• Self-concept, self-esteem, and morals devlop

• Increased understanding of pain, illness, injury, and death

Adolescence

• 2 to 3 year growth spurt

• Girls finish growing by age 16, boys by age 18

• Puberty and reproductive maturity.

Adolescence

• Changes can result in family conflict

• Believe they are focus of others attention

• Feeling of invulnerability

• Desire to be treated as adults, cannot legally make medical decisions

• Privacy is important

Adolescence

• Experimentation with alternate identities

• Understand there are consequences for actions

• May engage in self destructive behaviors; depression and suicide increase

• Concerned with body image

• May engage in sexual behavior

Early adulthood

• Optimum function of body systems

• Accidents are leading cause of death

19 - 26 years old

Physical peak between what age range

Middle adulthood

Age 40 - 60 years

Middle adulthood

• Some decline in body systems and concerns with chronic disease

• Weight gain may occur

• Vision changes

Late 40s to 50s

What age range do women go thru menopause

Middle adulthood

• Problems seen more as challenges than threats

• More developed coping skills

• Aware of time limits

• Focus on others, rather than self

• Transitions in parenting

Late adulthood

Ages 61 years and older

Late adulthood

Vitals depend on the underlying physical and health status

Late adulthood

• Life expectancy varies with year of birth

• Incidence of disease increases

• Cardiovascular system changes increase the myocardial workload

Late adulthood

• The brain becomes smaller, with some neuron loss

• There may memory problems and disruption of sleep cycle

• Reaction time slows

• Respiratory system changes diminish ability to cough, lung capacity and gas exchange

Late adulthood

• Diminished smell, taste, hearing vision

• Diminished pain perception and kinesthic sense

• Prone to falls

• Problems with hydration and nutrition

• Changes in ability to communicate

• Health status varies widely