Forensic's 2nd Exam

What type of image cannot be viewed directly?

Virtual image

Two monocular compound microscopes properly spaced and aligned describe the ________ microscope.

Stereomicroscope

Transmitted illumination is used when the specimen being examined is?

Transparent

An eyepiece lens of 10x used in combination with an objective lens of 20x has a total magnification power of ________.

200X

Which microscope will you use to compare two bullets?

Comparison microscope

Light that is confined to a single plane of vibration is said to be ______.

Plane polarized

The lens closest to the specimen is called the ________.

Objective lens

The size of the specimen area in view is known as the ________.

Field of view

Numerical aperture (N.A.) measures the ability of an object lens to ______ details into separate images.

Resolve

What is the definition of pollen rain?

Estimation of the production and dispersal patterns of spores and pollen.

What is a microscope?

An optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to magnify and resolve the fine details of an object.

Which of the following is an example of a real image?

A movie projected onto a screen at the theater.

Which of the following statements best describes a compound microscope?

It is used to invert and reverse images.

The ________ is the thickness of a specimen that is entirely in focus under a microscope.

Depth of focus

Which of the following statements is true of a comparison microscope?

It uses a bridge to join two independent objective lenses into a single binocular unit.

What is a useful application for comparison microscopes in forensic laboratories?

Comparing bullets or cartridge cases

How many different nucleotide bases are associated with the makeup of DNA?

4

Watson and Crick demonstrated that DNA is composed of two strands coiled into the shape of a ________.

Double helix

The structure of DNA requires the pairing of base A to ____ and base G to ______.

T and C

Enzymes known as DNA polymerase assemble new DNA strands into a proper base sequence during the ________ process.

Replication

The amelogenin gene shows 2 bands for a ________ and one band for a ________.

Male; Female

The technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell is called

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Short DNA segments containing repeating sequences of three to seven bases are called ________.

STR (Short Tandem Repeats)

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from our ________.

Mother

In the RFLP DNA typing process, DNA fragments can be visualized on an agarose gel in a process called

Electrophoresis

The process of isolating and reading DNA markers is referred to as

DNA profiling, DNA typing, or DNA fingerprinting

A ________ is the unit of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) consisting of one of four bases attached to a phosphate-sugar group.

Nucleotide

Genes, the fundamental units of heredity, exist on strands of genetic material called ________.

Chromosomes

The inheritable traits that are controlled by DNA arise out of its ability to direct the production of complex molecules called ________.

Proteins

When deciphering the genetic code to create proteins, how many nitrogenous bases code for one amino acid?

3

________ is the technique used for separating molecules through their migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential.

Electrophoresis

As a means of distinguishing one individual from another through DNA typing, geneticists focus on ________, which are non-coding regions of the DNA.

STRs (Short Tandem Repeats)

The ________ is a system for classifying blood according to general groups or types.

ABO system

Semen is unequivocally identified by the microscopic appearance of ________.

Spermatozoa

On the surface of red blood cells are chemical substances called ________ which impart blood type characteristics to the cells.

Antigens

Type B blood contains ________ antigens.

B

While testing anti-A serum on a whole blood sample agglutination was observed, and the Rh factor test was positive. What is the blood type for the sample?

A+

A drug-protein complex can be injected into an animal to form specific ________ for that drug.

Antibodies

________ reagent reacts with blood causing it to luminesce.

Luminol

Genes are positioned on threadlike bodies called ________.

Chromosomes

The combination of genes present in the cells of an individual is called the ________.

Genotype

A type A mother and type A father will have offspring of the following possible phenotypes except

O

Color testing such as benzidine and Kastle-Meyer should be considered ________ in nature.

Presumptive

Which of the following statements is true regarding hemoglobin?

It transports oxygen in the bloodstream and its peroxidase-like activity creates a color change in color tests.

A criminalist might utilize a mapping technique to search large pieces of fabric for the presence of the enzyme ________, which is found in high concentrations in seminal fluid.

Acid phosphatase

The p30 protein, also known as ________, is used in confirmatory testing for seminal fluids.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Marie is attempting to collect evidence during a medical examination of a rape victim. How could she collect the physical evidence?

Collect 30 milliliters or more of urine from the victim.

To preserve rape evidence, all the outer garments and undergarments from the involved parties should be carefully removed and ________.

Packaged separately in paper bags

Harder and nonporous surfaces result in ________.

Less spatter

The ________ of bloodstains may provide useful information regarding the direction, dropping distance, and angle of impact of patterned blood.

Shape

The pointed end of a bloodstain faces ________.

The direction of travel

Satellite blood spatter around parent stains will have the pointed end facing ________.

Against the direction of travel

A bloodstain with a diameter of 2 mm could be classified as ________.

Medium-velocity spatter

A pattern created when a blood-covered object flings blood in an arc onto a surface is known as ________.

Cast-off

The ratio of length divided by width can be used to approximate the angle of impact of a single bloodstain.

False (correct formula uses width/length)

The string method is used to determine the area of origin using ________.

Bloodstain patterns

An area within a deposited spatter pattern that is clear of spatter, caused by an object or person blocking the area at the time of the spatter's deposition is known as a ________.

Void pattern

For documenting bloodstain pattern evidence, the method that involves setting up a rectangular border of rulers around the pattern is known as the ________.

Perimeter ruler method

On what surface would you be most likely to find satellite spatter evidence?

Wooden box

If an investigator were looking to connect a right-handed individual to a crime, they may look for ________ spatter on the wrist cuff of a suspect's shirt.

Back spatter

Which statement is true of the area of origin of a bloodstain pattern?

It is the location in three-dimensional space from which blood that produced a bloodstain originated.

Which best describes the area of convergence?

It is the point on a two-dimensional plane from which the blood drops originated.

While documenting a crime scene involving bloodstain patterns, an investigator may establish a ________, encompassing the entire area for points of reference.

Grid

Which method of bloodstain pattern documentation would you likely use for showing scale in photographs?

Perimeter ruler