Topic 9- Photosynthesis

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Last updated 5:59 AM on 10/8/26
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11 Terms

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Photosynthesis

Process whereby plants use light energy (photo) to synthesise (make) glucose. 

Photosynthesis can only take place in the green parts of the plants.  

These plants cells contain chloroplats where photosynthesis takes place 

 

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Unused glucose plants

Unused glucose is converted into starch and stored,  

mainly in: 

  • Leaves  

  • Roots  

  • Seeds 

 

Glucose → starch 

 

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Unuse glucose animals

Unused glucose is converted into glycogen and stored mainly in: 

  • Liver  

  • Muscles  

 

Glucose → glycogen 

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Chloroplast

A chloroplast is the organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

  • Contains pigment called chlorophyll → absorbs light energy (at certain wavelengths)

  • Uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide + water into glucose + oxygen

  • Found mainly in leaf cells


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Word equation for photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

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Chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

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What type of reaction photosynthesis is 

-Sunlight transfers energy to the chlorophyll  

-Energy is absorbed for photosynthesis as it is endothermic

-Energy is stored

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Definition endothermic

Means a reaction that takes in/absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually as heat

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5 uses of glucose in plants 

  1. Respiration → releases energy for plant processes.

  2. Stored as starch → for energy storage.

  3. Made into cellulose → for plant cell walls.

  4. Made into fats/oils → for energy storage, especially in seeds.

  5. Made into amino acids/proteins → glucose provides carbon, with nitrate ions supplying nitrogen.


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Why it is an advantage to the plant to store carbohydrates as starch rather than as sugar

  • Starch does not dissolve in cell water.

  • Therefore, it does not lower the water potential of the cell.

  • This means it does not cause water to enter by osmosis, which could make cells swell.

  • Starch is also compact, so lots can be stored.

  • When needed, starch can be converted back into glucose for respiration.


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What is the importance of glucose being converted into starch? 

Starch is insoluble whereas glucose is solube. 

This means starch can be stored and used later on.