ap cogo test Flashcards | Quizlet

Which six countries are the focus of AP Comparative Government and Politics?

China, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, and the United Kingdom

What are the Big 5 ideas in AP Comparative Government?

1: power and authority, 2: legitimacy and stability, 3: democratization, 4: impact of internal and external forces, 5: political analysis

What is comparative politics?

The study of similarities and differences between states, how different government systems operate, and why political changes occur, focusing mainly on power and decision making within countries.

What is causation?

A change in one variable precipitates a change in another variable.

What is political efficacy?

A citizen's trust in their ability to understand political affairs and influence the government, or a person's belief that their vote may make a difference in the political process.

How did Amartya Sen change the framework of understanding development?

Sen argued that neither growth nor poverty reduction alone were adequate goals; the real goal should be enhancing the capability of individuals to lead fulfilling lives as people define them.

How do scores on the Gini index indicate the level of inequality in a country?

A higher number indicates greater inequality.

What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?

An aggregate measure that takes into account several factors that impact people's standards of living.

What is democratic consolidation?

The process by which a regime has developed stable democratic institutions and significant protections of civil liberties and is unlikely to revert to authoritarianism.

What is the difference between grand corruption and petty corruption?

Grand corruption occurs at the highest levels of society, causes significant harm, and often goes unpunished; petty corruption is the everyday abuse of power by government workers in interactions with citizens.

What is a failed state?

A state that has lost control over all parts of its territory.

What four categories are measured and weighed equally by the Fragile States Index?

Social, economic, political, and cohesion.

When the British joined the EU, what did they opt out of?

The common currency euro.

Which parts of the UK supported Leave, and which supported Remain in the Brexit referendum?

England and Wales supported Leave; Scotland and Northern Ireland supported Remain.

What is a regime?

A type of government such as liberal or authoritarian.

What is the difference between a revolution and a coup d'état?

A revolution is an overthrow of a regime based on widespread popular support, whereas a coup d'état is an overthrow of government by a small number of people, often military leaders.

What is a change in government?

A change in leaders, without fundamental changes in the system of government.

What are the four characteristics of a state?

It must have institutions like government, bureaucracy, and sovereignty; a permanent population subject to the government's rule; territory with clearly defined borders; and international recognition.

What is the difference between rule of law and rule by law?

Rule of law is a clear set of rules where government officials are subject to the same laws and penalties as citizens; rule by law is where the law is applied to citizens while government officials are not subject to the same rules and penalties.

What are the three types of legitimacy?

Traditional (based on society's long-standing patterns and practices), charismatic (based on personal actions), and rational (based on elections).

What is a unitary system?

A political system in which the central government has sole constitutional sovereignty and power.

What is a federal system?

A political system in which a state's power is legally and constitutionally divided among more than one level of government.

What is devolution?

The granting of powers by the central government to regional governments.

What is the difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical federalism?

Symmetrical federalism treats subnational governments the same (such as the USA and Mexico), while asymmetrical federalism treats subnational governments differently (such as Russia).

Why was Dominic Cummings cancelled or criticized by the public?

He broke COVID lockdown rules that he helped create, causing the public to think he was a hypocrite.