JA american history T1 exam study: study questions

what problems arose in the jamestown colony

short on food, men knew little about farming and didnt want to work hard

what crop saved the jamestown colony

tobacco

who brought tobacco to jamestown

john rolfe

who founded the massachussets bay colony

john winthrop

who founded the plymouth colony

william bradford

who founded the conneticut colony

thomas hooker

who founded the pennsylvania colony

william penn

who founded the maryland colony

lord baltimore

who founded the georgia colony

james edward oglethorpe

what was the house of burgesses

the first colonial elected assembly

which colonial region mainly planted and sold cash crops

the southern region

which colonial region was the most diverse in terms of geography, culture, and religion

the middle colonies

what was the middle passage

brutal passage that enslaved africans took across the atlantic ocean from africa to the caribbean

which colonial region valued education the most

the new england colonies

sugar act

placed a tax on non british sugar and luxuries

stamp act

placed a tax on all printed materials

when was the sugar act

april 1764

when was the stamp act

march 1765

when was the declatory act

march 1766

decalatory act

gave british the right to pass any laws in the colonies for any reason

when was the tea act

april 1773

tea act

placed a tax on tea

when were the intolerable acts

march 1774

intolerable acts

gave more power to the royal governer, allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in england, expanded the quartering act

which harbor did the intolerable acts close

boston harbor

why did parliment pass the intolerable acts

to punish the colonsits for the boston tea party

boston massacre

british soldiers fired into a crowd of colonsits who were throwing rocks and snowballs, killing 5

when was the boston massacre

march 5, 1770

battle of lexington

the first battle of the revolutionary war, 70 minutemen faced off against a much larger group of british soldiers

when were the battles of lexington and concord

april 19, 1775

battle of concord

british soldiers were trying to find stockpiled weapons, they could not find them, burned houses and buildings

what was decided at the second continental congress

george washington was named the general of the continental army

who won the battle of bunker hill

the british

what did the patriots prove at the battle of bunker hill

that they could take on the british

who wrote common sense

thomas paine

what did common sense do

pushed for economic freedom from britian

who wrote the declaration of independance

thomas jefferson

when was the declaration of indpendance approved

july 4 1776

what were the three main arguments of the declaration of indepencance

people posses unalianable rights, king george had violated these rights, the colonies had the right to break free from britian

when was the battle of sargatoa

october 17, 1777

who won the battle of sargatoa

the americans

why was the battle of sargatoa important

it convinced the french to ally with the americans

what hardships were faced during the winter at valley forge

lack of supplies, harsh weather, and disease

when was the battle of yorktown

1781

where was the battle of yorktown

yorktown, virginia

what was the patriots strategy at the battle of yorktown

french navy at sea and american troops on land, they laid seige to the city

who won the battle of yorktown

the americans

when did general cornwallis surrender at yorktown

october 19, 1781

why was the battle of yorktown important

it was the last major battle of the revolutionary war

what did the treaty of paris 1783 accomplish

formally ended the war, recognized american independance, and established american borders

how many branches were there under the articles of confederation

one branch

what was the biggest weakness of the articles of confederation

there was a large limit on government powers

5 main powers of congress under the articles of confederation

deal with foreign nations, make laws, declare war, coin/borrow money, run a postal service

what was the goal of the constitutional convention

to revise the articles of confederation

how many states needed to ratify the constitution for it to become law

9 out of 13

virginia plan- legislature

2 house legislature, 3 branch government

virginia plan- representation

representation based on population

which states supported the virginia plan

large states

new jersey plan- legislature

one house legislature

new jersey plan- representation

equal number of represenatives

great compromise- legislature

bicameral legislature

great compromise- lower house representation

based on population

great compromise- upper house representation

equal representation

federalist stance on the constitution

pro constitution, wanted a stronger central government

antifederalist stance on the constitution

against the constitution

why did the antifederalists oppose the constitution

weakened states power, no bill of rights, president could be powerful like a king

which three authors wrote the federalist papes

james madison, alexander hamilton, john jay

what were the federalist papers

pamphlets to support the ratification of the constitution

how is the us constitution

organized into 7 articles

which group casts votes to elect the president

the electoral college

name the three branches of the constitution

executive, legislative, judicial

legislative branch job

makes the laws

executive branch job

enforces the laws

judicial branch job

interprets the laws

who makes up the legislative branch

the house of represenatives and the senate

who makes up the executive branch

the president

who makes up the judicial branch

the supreme court

why did the delagates start the constitution with the preamble “we the people”

to show that the power of the government comes from the people

who was the first president of the united states

george washington

who was the first vice president of the united states

john adams

what were the three departments of washingtons cabinet

secretary of state, secretary of treasury, secretary of war

who was the first secretary of state

thomas jefferson

who was the first secretary of treasury

alexander hamilton

who was the first secretary of war

henry knox

what were the three parts of alexander hamiltons financial plan for the country

federal government would assume all debts, create a national bank and mint, import tarrif

what 2 peices of advice did washington give in his farewell adress

to avoid political parties and foreign alliances

alexander hamilon+the federalist party: who should lead the country

rich educated white men

alexander hamilon+the federalist party: ideal economy

manufacturing shipping trade

alexander hamilon+the federalist party: loose or strict constitution

loose

alexander hamilon+the federalist party: national bank yes or no

yes

alexander hamilon+the federalist party: great britian or france

great britian

thomas jefferson and the democratic-republicans- who should lead

all free white men regardless of wealth or property

thomas jefferson and the democratic-republicans-ideal economy

agriculture

thomas jefferson and the democratic-republicans- national bank yes or no

no

thomas jefferson and the democratic-republicans- loose or strict constitution

strict

thomas jefferson and the democratic-republicans- great britian or france

france

what event led to the 12th amendmant to the constitution

the election of 1800

what did the marbury v madison court case lead to

judicial review

who was hurt most by jeffersons embargo on trade

american sailors

what was the goal of the monroe doctorine

to warn european nations to stay out of the western hemisphere