Chapter 10 Protozoans

What does Sarcomastigophora contain?

Flagellates (Mastigophora) and amoebae (Sarcodina).

What does Ciliophora contain?

Ciliates.

What does Apicomplexa contain?

Coccidia, malarial organisms, and piroplasms.

What are Mastigophora?

Flagellates

What structure do Mastigophora possess in their trophozoite form?

At least one flagellum.

Where are magistogophora flagellates found in the host?

Blood, lymphatic fluid, or cerebrospinal fluid.

What are five important flagellate genera?

Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Trichomonas, Histomonas, and Giardia.

What are Sarcodina?

Amoebae

How do Sarcodina move?

By pseudopodia.

What are the two forms of Sarcodina?

Trophozoite (motile) and resistant cyst form.

What does the trophozoite form of Sarcodina do?

Glides along the surface of a liquid medium.

What is the purpose of the resistant cyst form?

Allows survival in adverse conditions in the external environment.

What is the general shape of Sarcodina?

Poorly defined and blob-like.

What structures cover Ciliophora?

Tiny, short hairs called cilia.

What are the two forms of Ciliophora?

Trophozoite (motile) and resistant cyst form.

What beneficial roles can ciliates have?

They help regulate bacterial populations and aid in digestion of plant material.

Where can beneficial ciliates be found?

Rumen of cows and sheep and the cecum of horses.

How do ciliates contribute to digestion?

They contribute to fermentation of cellulose and starch.

What makes ciliates unique?

They have two types of nuclei.

What is the function of the macronucleus?

Provides nuclear RNA for growth.

What is the function of the micronucleus?

Serves as the germ line nucleus but does not express its genes.

What are Apicomplexa?

The most diverse and complicated group of protozoans.

What types of animals can Apicomplexa parasitize?

Almost every animal phylum.

Where are Apicomplexa mainly found in domesticated animals?

Epithelium of the intestine, within blood cells, and within cells of the reticuloendothelial system.

Are the organelles that allow Apicomplexa to move visible?

No, they are internal.

What shapes are Apicomplexa often?

Comma-shaped or banana-shaped.

Name the important genera of Apicomplexa.

Eimeria, Cystoisospora, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Cryptosporidium, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leukocytozoon, Babesia, Theileria, Cytauxzoon, and Hepatozoon.