exam 2 - 450 - chap. 4

psychoanalytic therapy

formed bases for all modern “talk” therapies

• more intensive and structured

psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies

both share focus on unconscious, importance of insight into past, defenses, interpretations

• Sigmund Freud

psychodynamic therapy

shorter, flexible, and often focused on present-day issues.

psychoanalysis: view of human nature & biological drives

• sex = life energy (for pleasure)

• aggression (get rid of those that get in way of sexual pleasure)

• cultural context in Victorian era

sexuality, hedonism, revolutionary

cultural context in Victorian era

psychoanalytic theory

unconscious determinism & unconscious motivation

• everything you do, think, & feel is motivated/determined by unconscious

• no “accidents” (everything unconscious and determined by personality)

• individual as mysterious & complex

dynamic

change & force

depth hypothesis

theory of the unconscious

• levels

• conflict

• anxiety as inevitable

conscious

preconscious

unconscious

ego

conscious (some in preconscious)

• reality principle, secondary process thinking; rational “do what works”

• has 3 “harsh taskmasters”

superego

preconscious

• morality principle; harsh, punishing, irrational (3 yrs old)

id

unconscious

• pleasure principle, primary process thinking; impulsive, creative, animalistic

• “if it feels good, do it”

structure of psyche

nothing can come in. nothing can go out.

• id

• ego

• superego

these 3 always in conflict

• closed system

• conflict inevitable and leads to anxiety

• each wants the most psychic energy so it can rule

defense mechanisms: ego in service of psyche

protect you from anxiety; largely unconscious, “normal”

1. repression

2. denial

3. projection

4. reaction formation

5. sublimation

6. rationalization

7. displacement

reaction formation

expression of opp of true impulse

sublimation

channel emotion into something productive

rationalization

logical explanation for everything

displacement

displacing neg energy onto something else

• can’t kick boss, kick your dog

freud’s psychosexual development

• erogenous zone (to satisfy id/pleasure)

• personality determined before age 7

psychoanalytic personality development

freud’s psychosexual development

fixation and repression at 5 stages

habits and disorders

• oral

• anal

• phallic

• latency

• genital

oral

2 effects

• the neglected child might become a psychologically dependent adult continually seeking the oral stimulation denied in infancy, thereby becoming a manipulative person in fulfilling their needs, rather than maturing to independence

• the over-protected child might resist maturation and return to dependence upon others in fulfilling their needs.

anal

control, power, independence

phallic

identity, morality, pleasure (3-5 yrs)

anal retention

withholding

anal explosive

your problems become everyone else’s problems

latency

peer development, cognitive development, too busy for pleasure (6-10 yrs)

genital stages

drive for pleasure more socially shared

goals of psychoanalytic/dynamic therapies

• make unconscious, conscious

• gain insight to relieve anxiety

• restructure personality/deep characterological changes

• catharsis - release of emotional pressure

• analyst interprets material to help patient “work through” unconscious conflict

freudian psychoanalysis - techniques

• analysis of transference

• analysis of resistance

• interpretation of defenses (denial)

• free association

• hypnosis

• dream interpretation

• slips

free association

tell me whatever comes to mind, inkblot test, art museum

dream interpretation

wish fulfillment; primarily sexual symbolism

jungian analysis

• collective unconscious vs personal unconscious

• libido = life energy

• striving for balance of opps in psyche

balance of psyche

• persona vs shadow

• masculine vs feminine (anima/animus)

• mind vs physicality

criticisms & limitations of dynamic therapies

• empirical testing - difficult to validate

• sexism, power, & male dominance

• always works/power of analyst

• blaming

• YAVIS clients only?

• insurance & time limitations

young, attractive, verbal, intelligent, successful

YAVIS