Thẻ ghi nhớ: Topic 5: Community Ecology: Species Interactions Community Ecology: Species Interactions Dynamic Study Module

An ecological relationship in which an animal is hunted, captured, and killed is known as __________.

A. predation

B. commensalism

C. competition

D. mutualism

E. communism

A

Which event would not be considered secondary succession?

A. After 10 years, shrubs start growing in an abandoned corn field.

B. The logging of a forest removes the trees.

C. A landslide causes the removal of the soil and the organisms that live in the area, leaving only exposed rock.

D. A flood removes all of the mammals from an area.

E. Livestock are removed from a pasture.

C

What happens when a keystone species is removed from a community?

A. The community could collapse.

B. The ecosystem becomes more efficient in structure and function.

C. Nothing, because most ecosystems have built-in redundant species.

D. Another species will become a keystone species.

E. Species diversity increases.

A

A pathogen is an organism that lives in, and causes disease in, its host. Which is the correct relationship between a pathogen and its host?

A. Parasitism

B. Predation

C. Mutualism

D. Herbivory

E. Competition

A

A relationship in which both actors may (potentially) be harmed (-/-) is known as __________.

A. mutualism

B. parasitism

C. competition

D. predation

E. herbivory

C

Which of the following is true about a keystone species?

A. It has a strong impact on the community, far out of proportion to its abundance.

B. It is always the top predator.

C. All of the listed responses are correct.

D. It rarely interacts with other species.

E. It is always the largest species in a community.

A

Different species of insect-eating birds in a forest will hunt for their prey in different parts of the same tree. For example, Myrtle Warblers hunt for insects at the lower levels of a tree, whereas Cape May Warblers hunt for insects at the top of the tree. What does hunting for insects in different parts of the tree accomplish?

A. It causes the two species to interbreed.

B. It encourages mutualism between bird species.

C. It increases competition between species.

D. It causes their niches to overlap.

E. It reduces interspecific competition and allows coexistence of multiple species.

E

What is a climax community?

A. The community during secondary succession

B. The community at the top of a mountain

C. The stable community achieved at the end of the process of succession

D. The community at its carrying capacity

E. The community that first appears after a natural disaster

C

Which of the following is not a response to interspecific competition?

A. One species will drive the other away.

B. All of these options are possible responses to interspecific competition.

C. Both species coexist but at lower numbers.

D. One species might try to exploit another resource.

E. The resource will be divided (partitioned) between the species.

B

Which interaction does not represent mutualism?

A. Honeybee and a flower

B. Ants and acacia trees

C. Cellulose-digesting bacteria living in a termite's gut

D. Mycorrhizae and evergreen tree roots

E. Caterpillars living off of milkweed

E

When sea otters became extremely rare on the California coast, their usual prey (sea urchins) became overabundant and consumed most of the kelp that was the principal habitat for a diversity of fishes and invertebrates. Which statement best describes this situation?

A. Sea urchins are parasitic on kelp.

B. Sea otters are a keystone species.

C. Sea urchins are a keystone species.

D. This is an example of mutualism between sea urchins and sea otters.

B

After a glacier melts, over time, the area may become covered by shrubs and finally a forest. This process is best described as __________.

A. coevolution

B. herbivory

C. secondary succession

D. primary succession

E. a biogeochemical cycle

D

Which type of organism weakens, but does not kill, another organism by taking water and nutrients from that organism?

A. Vectors

B. Parasites

C. Carnivores

D. Herbivores

E. Predators

B

An ecological relationship in which both individuals benefit (+/+) is known as __________.

A. parasitism

B. mutualism

C. competition

D. herbivory

E. predation

B

When goats were introduced into an island off the California coast, they lived in the same areas and ate the same plants as the native deer. The deer population subsequently dwindled and finally disappeared. This is an example of __________.

A. herbivory

B. a food chain

C. competition

D. succession

E. coevolution

C

When a relationship between species A and species B is described as mutualism, this means that __________.

A. one species benefits and the other species suffers

B. one species benefits and the other species is unaffected

C. both species suffer

D. both species benefit

E. All of these answers are possible in mutualism.

D

_______ describes a relationship between organisms that live in close physical contact with each other.

A. Mutualism

B. Herbivory

C. Competition

D. Symbiosis

E. Predation

D

A researcher wanting to learn more about the interactions between bees and the flowers they pollinate would study a(n) __________.

A. species

B. population

C. ecosystem

D. habitat

E. community

E

Which of the following could be defined as the role an organism plays in an ecosystem?

A. Ecosystem

B. Habitat

C. Community

D. Niche

E. Population

D

Which of the following statements describes a response of predators to prey?

A. A hoverfly mimics a wasp.

B. A tapeworm takes up residence in a human.

C. A species of fish hides in a hole until another fish swims past that it can attack and eat.

D. A species of fish takes the appearance of its surroundings.

E. Moose are capable of killing or maiming wolves by kicking them.

C

After clear-cutting a forest, timber companies cannot afford to wait for the long process of __________ to occur naturally to regrow the trees, so they usually replant trees right away.

A. coevolution

B. mutualism

C. decomposition

D. succession

E. herbivory

D

Although most competition is subtle, under which of the following circumstances would interspecific competition be most obvious?

A. Among species whose trophic levels are different

B. When organisms have quite different ecological niches

C. When a foreign organism is first introduced into a community

D. In a stable, long-established ecosystem

E. When resources are most abundant

C

Communities undergoing primary succession are __________.

A. being engulfed by a nearby metropolis

B. not allowed to vote in some elections

C. found only near the equator

D. started from bare rock

E. stable and unchanging

D

Which interaction does not belong in the +/− category of interactions between species?

A. Pollination

B. A wolf-deer interaction

C. Herbivory

D. Predation

E. Parasitism

A

The giant green sea anemone of the Pacific Northwest coast consists of a cnidarian and alga. The alga performs photosynthesis and shares some of its carbohydrates with the cnidarian. The cnidarian provides the alga with some carbon dioxide and ammonia. This is an example of __________.

A. intraspecific competition

B. parasitism

C. interspecific competition

D. herbivory

E. mutualism

E