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Natural Increase
Considered to be a major driver of urbanization in many industrializing countries.
Urbanization
The process whereby populations move from rural to urban areas, enabling cities and towns to grow.
Gentrification
Rebuilding or renovation of houses and buildings in a typically urban, low
Central
Place Theory
Suburbanization
The movement of typically wealthy individuals to the outskirts of the city.
Reurbanization
A movement of wealthy and/or more youthful individuals back into inner city areas.
Counterurbanization/De
urbanization
Index of Economic Development
Shows rural
Urban Renewal & Regeneration
The revitalization and redevelopment of inner city industrialized areas.
Urban Sprawl
Uncontrolled expansion of urban areas influenced by land size/hospitable areas, pull factors, governance/land use changes, and land ownership.
Centrifugal Movement
The outward movement of people from the city center to the suburbs and surrounding countryside.
Redlining
Discriminatory practice in which a mortgage lender denies loans or an insurance provider restricts services to certain areas of a community.
Van den Berg Model of Core
Periphery Change
FUR
Rural
Growth Regimes under Resource Constraints
The three stages in urban dynamics under resource accessibility constraints.
Place
Places can be identified at a variety of scales, from local territories to the national or state level.
Processes
Human or physical mechanisms of change, such as migration or weathering, operating on varying timescales.
Structured Response Questions
Questions worth 6 marks or fewer.
Extended Response Questions
Questions worth 10 marks or more.
Cultural Diversity
Places can be compared according to their cultural or physical diversity or disparities in wealth or resource endowment.
Spatial Interactions
Considered interactions between places that may be real or perceived.
Gentrification Effects
Changes the culture of a place, for better or for worse, and improves business within the area.
Anti
gentrifiers
Pull Factors
Attractions drawing people to urban areas.
Push Factors
Conditions driving people away from rural areas.
Kolkata Urbanization
Natural population increase due to urban migration.
Suburbia Growth
Post
GI Bill
Legislation providing home loans to veterans.
Levittown
Mass
White Flight
Migration of whites from urban to suburban areas.
Gentrification in Seoul
Increased property prices due to mass tourism.
Commercialization
Transformation of areas to attract tourists.
Suburbanization USA (1945
Counter
Urbanization
Metropolitan Poor
Low
Cultural Landscapes
Unique local characteristics of urban areas.
Gentrification in Paris
Rising property prices displacing long
Suburbanization UK (1950s)
Post
East European Suburbanization
Delayed growth post
Infrastructure Expansion
Development of transport links connecting suburbs to cities.
Displacement
Forced relocation of residents due to urban changes.
Rural Job Insecurity
Low
Urban Renovation
Restoration of buildings to improve urban conditions.
Social Mixing
Interaction between low
Suburbanization Rates
Influenced by housing affordability and regulations.
Van den Berg Model
Describes core
Urban System Decrease
Population shifts from rural areas to suburbs.
Urban Lifestyle Drive
Desire to leave urban living conditions.
Middle
Class Suburbanization
Suburban Communities
Built to isolate from drug war violence.
Government
Driven Decentralization
Suburban Satellite Towns
Government
Market
Driven Suburbanization
Infrastructure Growth in Lagos
High
Public Transport Limitations
Access restricted to major roads in cities.
Private Infrastructure Projects
Road expansions and transportation by private companies.
Water Supply Demands
Met by companies like Iju and Adiyan Waterworks.
Eko Atlantic
Privately funded coastal city project in Lagos.
Eko Atlantic Opportunities
Provides jobs and services, protects coastline.
Eko Atlantic Concerns
Increases pressure on neighboring communities.
Power in Geography
Ability to influence change at various scales.
Possibilities in Geography
Alternative futures modeled by geographers.
Equity and Security
Gained or lost through powerful interactions.
Note 
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