Medieval Architecture - Quiz 3

St. Peter’s (tower-nave church)

Place: Barton-on-Humber, England

Time Period: 10th cen

Style: Anglo-saxon

Tower of London (white tower)

Time Period: 1077-1097

Style: Norman Romanesque

St. Cyriakus

Place: Gernrode, Germany

Time Period: 960

Style: Ottoian

San Vincente de Cardona

Place: Cardona, Spain

Time Period: 11th cen

Style: Romanesque

St-Sernin

Place: Toulouse, France

Time Period: 11th-12th cen

Style: Romanesque

Angouleme cathedral

Place: Angouleme, France

Time Period: 12th cen

Style: Romanesque

Abbey Church of Cluny III

Place: Cluny, France

Time Period: 1088-1130

Style: Romanesque

Speyer Cathedral

Place: Speyer, Germany

Time Period: 11th cen

Style: Romanesque

Sant’ Ambrogio

Place: Milan, Italy

Time Period: 1100-28

Style: Romanesque

Pisa Cathedral

Place: Pisa, Italy

Time Period: 1064-1118

Style: Romanesque

Church of the Intercession on the Nerl’

Place: Vladmir, Russia

Time Period: 1165

Style: Middle Byzatine

St-Etienne

Place: Caen, France

Time Period: 11th-12th cen

Style: Romanesque

Durham Cathedral

Place: Durham, England

Time Period: 11th-12th cen

Style: Romanesque

Stave chruch

Place: Borgund, Norway

Time Period: 1150

Motte and bailey

• earliest castles of feudalism (10th cen france)

• Motte: raised earthen mound topped by a timber hower/hall

• Bailey: enclosed courtyard below, ringed by a palisade

Quadrant vault

half barrel vault, typically over the gallery. braces against the nave’s barrel vault against outward thrust. Each quadrant is reinforced by spur buttress

archivolt

bands of moldings that follow the curve of an arch, especially the concentric bands in a portal

lombard bands

rows of small blind arches under eves linked by pilaster strips, hall mark of the first romanesque

dwarf gallery

a small arcade passage running along the top of an exterior wall/apse

tympanum

semicircular panel inside a portal arch above the lintel, usually carved with a major scene

squinch

a diagonal arch, niche, or cone placed across the upper corners of a square room, turns the base into an octagon

Edict of Pitres 864

• issued by the carolingian king charles the bald

• anyone who had built fortifications/castles without permission had to demolish them

• shows royal control weakening as private fortification spread; local lords filled the power gap, and the normans later looked back to carolingian predecessors

Characteristics of the First Romanesque

• lombard bands, pilaster strips, blind arcades, dwarf galleries, supr buttresses on apse-collected from early christian milan and ravenna

• vaulting enters basilicas, piers replace columns, alternating supports

• spreads lombardy→southern france→ catalonia; banded barrel vaults

Innovations of Abbey church st Cluny III

• large scale 555’ long

• banded barrel-vaulted nave w/ clerestory and NO TRIBUNE GALLERY

• porte a faux: upper wall not plumb with supports below

• triforium level; flying buttresses added after 1125 vault collapse

• earliest use of pointed arches in latin west

• roots of gothic; pilasters copy local roman antiques

thick v. thin wall construction in romanesque architecture

Thick: pilgrimage church type w/ a gallery, upper-nave walls are wider than piers, gallery quadrant vaults brace nave vault

Norman Thick: wall passage at clerestory level

Thin: burgundian/cluniac type without a gallery, with porte a faux.

Rib vault differences between italian/german version and rib