Human Biology - Cardiovascular System: Heart & Blood Vessels

Beginning with blood in the right atrium (at the top), arrange these parts of the heart according to the order in which blood passes through them.

To lungs then pulmonary capillaries, Left atrium, Pulmonary veins, Through AV/tricuspid valve to right ventricle, Through pulmonary semilunar valve, Into pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries

1. Through AV/tricuspid valve to right ventricle

2. Through pulmonary semilunar valve

3. Into pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries

4. To lungs then pulmonary capillaries

5. Pulmonary veins

6. Left atrium

Components of the cardiovascular system

heart and blood vessels

Blood brings carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it also picks up ________ needed by cells of the body.

Oxygen

Exchanges of nutrients, wastes, and gases at the capillaries. Generation of blood pressure by the heart. Transportation of blood. Regulation of blood flow.

The functions of the cardiovascular system

What are the three types of blood vessels in the human cardiovascular system?

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Strong-walled blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called

Arteries

The middle layer of an arteriole contains mostly

Smooth muscle

Capillary walls are made of

A single layer of epithelial cells attached to a basement membrane

The structure that moves blood directly from an arteriole to a venule when a capillary bed is closed is a(n)

Arteriovenous shunt

Veins have thinner walls than arteries do.

True

The blood vessels that drain capillaries are

venules

What type of blood vessel has valves to prevent the backflow of blood?

Veins

The muscular organ located between the lungs directly behind the sternum is the

Heart

The thick-walled, lower chambers of the heart are called

Ventricles

The wall that separates the heart into right and left sides is the

Septum

The human heart has how many chambers?

4

The upper chambers of the heart, which receive blood from veins, are called

Atria

The myocardium receives oxygen and nutrients from which blood vessels?

Coronary arteries

Many public places are now equipped with machines that can restart a person's heart. These machines are called AEDs, or

Automatic external defibrillators

What does an electrocardiogram record?

changes in electrical activity of the heart during the cardiac cycle

Blood vessels that return blood to the heart are called

Veins

The heart valves that prevent blood in the pulmonary artery and aorta from re-entering the ventricles are the

Semilunar valves

After blood leaves the tricuspid valve, what structure will it encounter next?

Right ventricle

The inferior vena cava collects blood from the lower body.

True

The venae cavae are the largest veins in the systemic circuit.

True

The hepatic portal vein normally contains relatively high levels of

Glucose & Amino Acids

The blood vessels involved with blood flow to and from the lungs make up the

Pulmonary circuit

A myocardial infarction is commonly called a

heart attack

If a thrombus dislodges and moves with the blood, it is called a(n)

Embolus

Which deflection of an ECG represents the ventricles recovering from contraction?

T wave

Blood leaving the heart to travel the pulmonary circuit leaves which chamber of the heart?

Right ventricle

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

It is the pacemaker of the heart

The cardiac cycle includes systole and diastole.

True

Both atria contract at the same time during atrial systole.

True

Both of these control the movement of fluid through the wall of a capillary.

Osmotic pressure & Blood pressure

What are the main blood vessels that carry blood immediately away from the right and left ventricles of heart?

Aorta & Pulmonary trunk

The human heart is a double pump because the right side pumps blood to the _______ while the left side pumps to the ________.

Lungs; Body

Because it must pump to the entire body, the ___________ has the thickest wall of the heart chambers.

Left ventricle

Diastole refers to the contraction of the atria and ventricles.

False

The cardiac cycle has two phases. The working phase of the cycle, when the chambers contract, is known as

Systole

The first sound of the heartbeat ("lub") occurs when

Increasing pressure of blood inside the ventricles forces the AV valves to close

Name all of the accessories that are part of the electrical conduction system within the heart.

Purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node

External control of the heart is maintained by nervous stimulation and by chemicals called ________, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are released from the adrenal glands.

Hormones

The major actions of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine on the heart is to cause the heart to

Contract faster and stronger

Uncontrolled irregular activity of the ventricles

Ventricular fibrillation

They help bind adjacent cardiac cells together. They are a part of the intercalated disks of the heart. They are a type of junction between cells.

Characterizations of desmosomes

The major portion of the heart is the ________, which is composed of cardiac muscle tissue.

Myocardium

The membranous sac that supports and protects the heart is the

Pericardium

A myocardial infarction or "heart attack" is most often the result of

Disruption of the blood supply to the heart

On an ECG, the P wave indicates

The atria are about to contract

Long-term elevated blood pressure is correlated with an increase in what health problems?

Stroke, Heart disease, Kidney disease

Once excess interstitial fluid if taken up by lymphatic vessels, it is called

Lymph

Between left ventricle and aorta

aortic semilunar valve

Between left atrium and ventricle

bicuspid or mitral valve

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

pulmonary semilunar valve

Between right atrium and ventricle

tricuspid valve

Arrange these veins in order, beginning with a capillary at the top, to reflect the path of blood from the lower leg capillaries back to the heart.

Common iliac vein, Lower leg veins, Inferior vena cava, Capillary, Femoral vein

1. Capillary

2. Lower leg veins

3. Femoral vein

4. Common iliac vein

5. Inferior vena cava

Beginning with blood in the left atrium (at the top), arrange these parts of the heart according to the order in which blood passes through them.

Aortic semilunar valve, Aorta, Left ventricle, Bicuspid valve

1. Bicuspid valve

2. Left ventricle

3. Aortic semilunar valve

4. Aorta