Skeletal System and Bone Tissue Vocabulary

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering bone structure, functions, cell types, tissues, ossification processes, fractures, and bone repair mechanisms from the lecture transcript.

Diaphysis

The main portion of a bone, referring to its shaft or body.

Epiphyses

The distal and proximal ends of a bone.

Metaphyses

The area where the diaphysis joins the epiphyses in mature bone, including the epiphyseal line.

Articular Cartilage

Cartilage covering the epiphysis at joints to reduce friction and absorb shock.

Periosteum

Structure surrounding bone that helps thickness growth, protects bone, aids fracture repair, nourishes bone tissue, and serves as an attachment point for ligaments and tendons.

Medullary Cavity

Space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow.

Endosteum

Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity that contains bone-forming cells and connective tissue.

Hemopoiesis

The process occurring in red bone marrow that produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Osteogenic Cells

Bone cells that undergo cell division and develop into osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that form bone matrix and initiate calcification, eventually becoming osteocytes.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissues and serve as the principal cells of bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down and digest bone matrix with lysosomal enzymes and acids (resorption) as part of growth, development, maintenance, and repair of bone.

Compact Bone Tissue

The strongest form of bone tissue located under the periosteum of all bones, making up the bulk of long bone diaphyses.

Central (Haversian) Canal

Canal running longitudinally through bone that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Lamellae

Rings of calcified extracellular matrix found in compact bone tissue.

Lacunae

Small spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes.

Canaliculi

Structures connecting lacunae and central canals to provide routes for waste removal and nutrient and oxygen transport to osteocytes.

Spongy Bone Tissue

Bone tissue lacking osteons, also known as cancellous bone tissue, composed of trabeculae surrounding red bone marrow.

Trabeculae

A latticework of thin plates of bone in spongy bone tissue oriented along lines of stress.

Ossification

The process by which bone forms, also known as osteogenesis.

Intramembranous Ossification

A simpler method of bone formation that forms the skull and mandible.

Endochondral Ossification

Process of bone formation involving the replacement of cartilage by bone, forming most bones of the body.

Open (Compound) Fracture

A fracture in which the skin is broken.

Greenstick Fracture

A partial fracture where one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends.

Impacted Fracture

A fracture where one side of the fracture is driven into the interior of the other side.

Pott's Fracture

A fracture of the distal end of the lateral leg bone.

Colles' Fracture

A fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone.

Stress Fracture

A series of microscopic fissures resulting from repeated strenuous activities with no evidence of injury to other tissues.

Fracture Hematoma

A clot formed around a fracture site when blood vessels rupture, accompanied by swelling, inflammation, and dead bone cell removal.

Fibrocartilaginous Callus

A mass of repair tissue consisting of collagen fibers and cartilage that bridges broken ends of bone during fracture repair.

Bony Callus

Structure formed during bone repair when osteoblasts produce spongy bone trabeculae that join living and dead bone fragments.