1201 network addressing and communication

Available IPV4 addresses

4.3 billion

Class A Private

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (CIDR /8)

Class B Private

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (CIDR /12)

Class C Private

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (CIDR /16)

NAT

• network address translation

• allows multiple private ip devices to share a single public ip

• private ips rely on NAT to access the internet

• extend the usability of ipv4

Class A

• 1 - 127

• 16,777,214 usable hosts

• Large orgs, government entities

Class B

• 128 - 191

• 65,534 usable hosts

• medium to large orgs

Class C

• 192 - 223

• 254 usable hosts

Class D

• 224 - 239

• multicast

• not for addressing

Class E

• 240 - 255

• research and future use

• not for internet traffic

loopback address

• 127.0.0.1

• sends data to self for troubleshooting

• verify network software and driver functionality

APIPA

• Automatic Private IP Addressing

• When dhcp unreachable

• local device communication

• no internet access

subnet mask

defines network and host portions of the ip address

default gateway

routes traffic to external networks

dns server

translates domain names to ip address

dhcp

• dynamic host configuration protocol

• automatically assigns

  • ip addresses

  • subnet masks

  • gateways

  • dns details

• ip address pool/scope

• temporary leases that can expire and be reassigned

dhcp scope

192.168.1.100 - 192.168.1.254

apipa range

• 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 (CIDR /16)

zeroonfig

• zero configuration networking

• alternative to apipa

• link local addressing (self assigned addresses)

• name resolution and service discovery

apple bonjour

• zeroconfig

• enables devices to detect services like printers

microsoft LLMNR

• zeroconfig

• link local multicast name resolution

• allows name resolution without a dns server

ipv6 unicast addresses

• used for identifying a single device or interface for one to one communication

• globally routed

• 2000-3999 first segment

ipv6 link-local addresses

• local communication within the same network segment

• FE80::/10

• automatically assigned to every ipv6 enabled interface

SLAAC

• stateless address autoconfiguration

  • devices generate link-local addresses automatically

• EUI-64 format, derived from device’s mac address

ipv6 multicast address

• one to many communication

• FF::/8

• designed for video streaming/network management

ipv6 anycast address

• used to direct data to the nearest available device in a group

• drawn from unicast address pool

• useful for optimizing traffic and improving load balancing

• commonly used in CDNs