ADHD

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding ADHD, its symptoms, theories, and treatment options as discussed in the lecture.

What are the core features of ADHD?

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

What is one of the key theories regarding ADHD symptomology according to Barkley?

Deficits in behavioral inhibition significantly contribute to hyperactivity and impulsivity.

How does behavioral inhibition function as described in Barkley’s model?

It includes inhibiting responses that are likely to be reinforced, interrupting ineffective responses, and resisting competing stimuli.

What is the marshmallow test an example of?

A test measuring impulsivity and the ability to delay gratification.

What is a significant finding regarding sensitivity to reward in children with ADHD?

They exhibit excessive reward-seeking behavior and decreased sensitivity to punishment.

What role does temporal processing play in ADHD symptoms?

Children with ADHD may have difficulty understanding the passage of time which can contribute to impulsivity.

What did research suggest about brain abnormalities in ADHD?

Dysfunctions in various brain regions, including the frontal lobes and striatal areas, have been implicated.

What is the heritability rate of ADHD according to twin studies?

Typically between 0.7 and 0.9, indicating a strong genetic influence.

What prenatal factors have been associated with ADHD symptoms?

Tobacco smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy could contribute to ADHD risk.

What dietary factors have been shown not to contribute significantly to ADHD symptoms?

Research largely disproves the idea that artificial dyes, preservatives, and sugar intake significantly affect ADHD.

What is the impact of lead exposure on children with ADHD?

Lead exposure can have a permanent negative impact on the developing brain, potentially exacerbating ADHD symptoms.

What is a common approach to treat children with ADHD?

Pharmacological treatments using stimulants, which improve symptoms for 65-75% of medicated children.

What are some common side effects associated with stimulant medications for ADHD?

Sleep problems, decreased appetite, stomach pains, headaches, and irritability.

What is the purpose of parent training in the treatment of ADHD?

To teach effective child management techniques, improving parent-child relationships and child behavior.

Why is direct observation in naturalistic settings important for assessing ADHD?

Children often display their ADHD symptoms more authentically outside of an office setting.

What does the MTA study suggest about treatment effectiveness for ADHD?

Behavioral treatments can be as effective as medication for certain children, and effects may diminish after treatment ends.

What does research recommend regarding teacher behavior and ADHD symptoms?

Teacher behavior can influence ADHD symptoms; structured classrooms can help manage impulsivity and attentiveness.

What is essential for diagnosing ADHD according to the lecture?

Comprehensive information gathering from multiple available sources, including interviews and observational assessments.

What contributes to the etiology of ADHD?

The etiology of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is influenced by a mix of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors.

What is the developmental trajectory of ADHD?

The developmental trajectory of ADHD usually begins with symptoms appearing in early childhood, persisting into adulthood, with changes in severity and expression throughout life.

What are preventative measures for ADHD?

Preventative measures for ADHD may include early intervention, proper parenting strategies, and creating structured environments that promote organization and focus.

What are common co-occuring disorders with ADHD?

Common co-occurring disorders with ADHD include anxiety disorders, depression, learning disabilities, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).These disorders often complicate diagnosis and treatment.