Anatomy exam 3 Flashcards | Quizlet

What types of joints are the acromioclavicular (AC) joint and the glenohumeral (GH) joint?

The acromioclavicular joint is a flat joint, and the glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket joint.

What is the function of the superior glenohumeral ligament?

Prevents excessive motion of external rotation; inferior and anterior translation of humeral head.

What is the function of the middle glenohumeral ligament?

Prevents excessive anterior translation of humeral head (especially when abducted $45\text{--}90^\circ$) and external rotation.

What types of joints are the radioulnar joint and the trochlea with the semilunar notch?

The radioulnar joint is a pivot joint, and the trochlea and semilunar notch form a hinge joint.

What is the function of the annular ligament at the elbow?

Prevents lateral translation of the radius (holds radius to ulna).

What are the three ligamentous components of the deltoid ligament of the ankle?

Tibiotalar ligament, tibionavicular ligament, and tibiocalcaneal ligament.

What vertebral level indicates the transition between the superior and inferior mediastinum?

$$T4$$

What are the primary contents of the middle mediastinum?

Heart and phrenic nerve.

What are the spinal nerve roots and motor innervation target of the phrenic nerve?

Spinal nerve roots are $C3\text{--}C5$, and it innervates the diaphragm.

What does the fetal foramen ovale become in the adult heart?

Fossa ovalis

What adult structure is formed by the closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus?

Ligamentum arteriosum

Where is the electrical impulse delayed in the cardiac conduction system, and for what purpose?

At the AV node, so the ventricles and atria do not contract together.

What is the anatomical location and primary function of the moderator band?

Located between the anterior papillary muscle and interventricular septum; brings Purkinje fibers from the right bundle branch to the anterior papillary muscle so the heart contracts together.

What spinal levels provide sympathetic innervation to the heart, and what physiological changes do they cause?

Sympathetic chain levels $T1\text{--}T5$; increase heart rate, increase conduction, increase contraction, and increase blood flow to arteries via vasodilation.

What actions does the vagus nerve exert as parasympathetic innervation to the lungs?

Acts as a bronchoconstrictor, vasodilator in blood vessels, and secretomotor (secretes mucus).

What adult structure does the fetal umbilical vein become?

Ligamentum teres

What structure traverses the inguinal canal in females?

Round ligament of the uterus

How do direct and indirect inguinal hernias differ in their pathway relative to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Direct hernias pass through the inguinal triangle medial to the inferior epigastric vessels; indirect hernias pass through the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.

At what vertebral level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm via the aortic hiatus?

$$T12$$

What are the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of the psoas major muscle?

Origin: transverse processes, bodies, and intervertebral discs of $T12\text{--}L5$; Insertion: lesser trochanter; Action: flex hip; Nerve: $L1\text{--}L3$.

What anatomical structure serves as the boundary between the embryonic foregut and midgut?

Major duodenal papilla

What anatomical landmark divides the embryonic midgut from the hindgut?

The junction between the proximal $\frac{2}{3}$ and distal $\frac{1}{3}$ of the transverse colon.

Which major arterial vessels supply the foregut, midgut, and hindgut?

Foregut is supplied by the celiac trunk, midgut by the superior mesenteric artery, and hindgut by the inferior mesenteric artery.

What is the function and significance of the cisterna chyli?

Receives lymph from the entire abdomen and marks the beginning of the thoracic duct.

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta, and how do their lengths compare?

Branch at the $L1$ vertebral level; the right renal artery is longer than the left.