PROFISS - PRELIM

Information systems

are integrated elements that gather, process, save, and disseminate information to support an organization's decision-making and management.

Technology

the outcome of acquired scientific knowledge, skills, procedures, and processes for applied purposes. It has become an integral part of our daily life from the creation of the wheel to the use of electricity.

Hardware

is the physical component of an information system – tangible parts to users.

Software

It includes a set of commands that instruct the hardware what to do. Software is intangible compared to hardware.

Data

It is a collection of indisputable raw facts. Home addresses, phone numbers, and social networking accounts.

Networking Communication

Information systems can exist without the capability to communicate. Although in today’s interconnected world, it is rare for a computer not to connect to another device or to a network.

People

It is easy to focus on the technology components alone, but focusing on the ______ involved in information systems is essential.

Process

It is a series of steps taken to accomplish the desired goal. Information systems are becoming more integrated with organizational _________ that bring greater productivity and better control.

Peter Drucker

In 1959, he said that information and information systems would become increasingly important, which led him to coin the term “knowledge worker.”

First Era (The mid-1960s to Mid-1970s): Mainframe and Minicomputer

During the early years, information systems were centralized and concerned solely with governance and the needs of management. Most information systems and their reports were under the control of accounting departments.

Second Era (The mid-1970s to Mid-1980s): Personal Computer

While information systems were still concerned with governance and the needs of management, more departments were beginning to

benefit from the technology.

Third Era (The mid-1980s to Late 1990s): Client/Server

In this era, concentrated information systems started to spread, and information became deconcentrated. Technological difficulties and costs decreased, and an enterprise's need to share information grew.

Fourth Era (the Late 1990s to today): Enterprise

During this era, information systems are still tied to governance and management, although the systems are widely distributed to every employee who needs them across multiple platforms.

Fifth Era (Moving Forward): Cloud Computing

This era uses networking technology that delivers applications and data storage independent of the configuration or location of the hardware.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

It systematically processes customer transactions to generate a considerable amount of data. These will be used to learn about customers and their preferences as well as the ever-changing product trends.

Management Information Systems (MIS)

is’s used when TPS data are sorted and organized to support a broad range of managerial decisions. It is used primarily for inventory management and planning systems.

Office Automation Systems (OAS)

These support a wide range of predefined day-to-day work activities of individuals and businesses.

Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

These help organizations to effectively capture, store, and retrieve organizational knowledge to help enhance learning and optimize collaboration efforts to complete tasks.

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

These analyze data and support decision-making. DSSs are utilized by managerial-level employees to resolve problems such as sales forecasting and resource optimization.

Mobile Applications

These represent a new application model in information systems. represent a niche application model for companies and business systems needing mobile information broadcasting and simple applications.

Intelligent Systems

AI is a science of allowing information technologies to simulate human intelligence, such as reasoning and learning, and gaining sensing capabilities, such as seeing, hearing, or feeling human experiences.

Input Technologies

These are used to enter data into a device such as a computer, laptop, or smartphone.

Scanners

These are used to convert printed or handwritten text and images into digital data on a computer.

Smart Cards

These are used for various applications, including verification, building access, or making payments.

Biometric Devices

These are primarily used for identification and verification purposes. It can read certain body features, including irises, fingerprints, and hand or face measures.

Voice Input

This entered into a computer system using microphones. Speech recognition makes it possible for computers and smartphones to understand speech and vocabulary.

Output Technologies

such as computer monitors or printers, deliver information in a usable format and act on the processed input data.

Printers

These output devices produce a copy of alphanumeric data or documents from a computer.

Monitors

These are used to display information from a computer which can vary depending on the price, performance, and capabilities.

Electronic Communication Tools

This application software lets users convey verbal and written information and send files, documents, or other content such as fax, email, voice mail, and blogs.

Microsoft Outlook

is an email application that secures email, calendar, and files connected in one application.

Viber

a private and fun messaging and calling application that can connect people worldwide.

Discord

a free voice, video, and messaging application used to talk and hang out with their communities, such as gaming.

Electronic Conferencing Tools

These tools allow information sharing and engaging user interactions, such as internet forums and video conferencing.

Microsoft Teams

allow users to call with up to 1000 members, with the ability to share screens and record calls.

Zoom

used for audio and video conferencing, webinars, meeting recordings, and livestreams.

Google Meet

the business-oriented version of Google's Hangouts platform is suitable for businesses of all sizes.

Collaboration Management Tools

These are tools that facilitate virtual or co-located meetings and manage group activities.

Google Docs

allows users to create joint proposals and reports and keep track of meeting notes using a web browser.

Microsoft Office Online

a free version of Office 365 as a web application that includes MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, etc., all accessible via a web browser.

Microsoft SharePoint

a simple sharing and collaboration application that centers on teamwork with dynamic and productive team sites for every project team and department.