Topic Test 3: Research Methods and Patterns of Ethnic Inequality

10 marker, 20 marker, 25 marker

SATISFACTION w/ WORK

Professor Sue - Microaggressions

Joseph Rowntree Foundation - Self Employed

Professor Sue - Microaggressions

-Overt Racism is rare but covert, assumptious microaggressions are common

-EMs are othered, 27% EMs experience racist jokes at work

Joseph Rowntree Foundation

-People from Bangladeshi/Pakistani backgrounds are more likely to be self-employed

-Cannot cover sick pay or holiday pay so lower average wage

TOP JOBS

Davidson - Concrete Ceiling

Parker Review - Minority CEOs

Davidson - Concrete Ceiling

-Barrier Associated w/ EM women - prevents them from making it far in the workplace,

-Some (white) women are able to break the glass ceiling, but not many EM women are able to break through the concrete ceilingPA

Parker Review - Minority CEOs

-Only 22/350 FTSE CEOs are from EM backgrounds

-EMs are less likely to be promoted

Employment Opportunities

Brown and Gay - experiments in Job Interviews

Sewell Report - Unemployment Rates

Brown + Gay - Experiments in Job interviews

-Tested people with ‘White’, ‘Black’ and ‘Asian’ names with exact same skillset in job interviews

-White candidate got twice as many offers

Sewell Report - Unemployment rates

-Significantly higher for people from black, pakistani, bangladeshi backgrounds

-Highest: Gypsy/ Irish Traveller (63%)

-Black women’s unemployment rate is double white women

PAY

Heath + McMahon - ‘Ethnic Penalty’

Platt - Research on earnings per hour

Heath + McMahon - ‘Ethnic Penalty’

-All sources of disadvantage that might need to an EM group’s inequality is an Ethnic Penalty

-All EM groups suffer the Ethnic Penalty according to the Cabinet Office Report

-’Pay Penalty’: EMs more likely to have lower pay compared to white colleages

Platt - Research on earnings per hour

-White British Women’s pay > Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black african Women’s pay but lower than Black Carribbean and Chinese women

-For men, Indian and Chinese men have highest rates of pay

WORK AND EMPLOYMENT

Davidson - Concrete Ceiling

Brown + Gay - Experiments (job interviews)

IDENTITY

Professor Sue - Microagressions

Burchill - Mobile Prisons

Burchill - Mobile Prisons

-Hijabs/ Headscarves are like ‘mobile prisons’ for EM Islam women

-They are controlled through misinterpretation of religious text

INCOME + WEALTH

Joseph Rowntree Foundation

Platt - Research on earnings per hour

Platt - Research on earnings per hour

White British women’s pay > Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black African women’s pay but lower than black Caribbean and chinese women

For men, Indian and Chinese men have highest rates of pay

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

Hall et al - Policing the crisis + scapegoating

Alexander - The myth of the asian gang

Hall et. al - Policing the crisis + scapegoating

‘Moral Panic’ on mugging associated w/ black youth
Calls in media for more police on streets - black youth feared

Distraction from recent social unrest

Alexander - The myth of the asian gang

Many British-Asian groups of friends likely to be labelled as gang

2001 oldham riots - Asians protesting but labelled as criminals