HMAP 111 Module 4

Which of the following statements best describes the process of keratinization?

• Receptors in the epidermis are continually being replaced to enhance sensation.

•   Dead skin cells are replaced by new ones from the dermis.

•   Cells in the outer layer of the skin harden and die, forming a protective barrier.

•   Blood vessels in the skin expand to regulate body temperature.

Cells in the outer layer of the skin harden and die, forming a protective barrier.

What is the visible portion of the hair called?

the shaft

The ____________________ system is composed of the skin and its appendages.

integumentary

From which structure does the nail originate and grow?

nail bed

What is one of the functions of skin that helps detect changes in the environment around us?

sensation

Which of the following describes a first-degree burn?

•   A burn that damages the epidermis and dermis, causing blistering and severe pain.

•   A burn that affects only the epidermis, causing redness and mild pain.

•   A burn that destroys the epidermis and dermis, leading to charring of the skin.

•   A burn that extends into the muscle and bone, causing numbness and severe tissue damage.

A burn that affects only the epidermis, causing redness and mild pain.

Cells of the epidermis are held together by highly convoluted, interlocking cellular links called ____________________.

desmosomes

The skin layer that functions as a physical barrier to light and heat is found in what stratum?

stratum corneum

What happens to blood vessels near the skin when it is cold outside to reduce heat loss to the environment?

 the blood vessels constrict

What is a skin lesion called that is characterized as a flat, small discoloration of the skin that is even with the skin surface?

macule

What disease is characterized by a fungal infection of the nails resulting in dry, thickened, and brittle nails?

onychomycosis

Which condition is caused by human papillomavirus?

warts

Which skin layer consists of spiny-shaped cells that are polyhedron in structure?

stratum spinosum

The epidermal layer that produces new epidermal cells by mitosis is the ___________.

stratum basale

What stratum of the epidermis is commonly called the clear layer? 

 lucidum

What is another term that means age spots?

solar lentigines

A discolored flat spot such as a freckle is a/an ____________________.

macule

Also called a strawberry birthmark, a soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark is a/an ____________________ ____________________.

capillary hemangioma

Which term is also known as a pimple?

pustule

The term for a fungal infection, also known as ringworm, that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails is ____________________.

tinea

The medical term that means profuse sweating is ____________________.

diaphoresis

A malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is scooped out like the bowl of a spoon is known as ____________________.

koilonychia

The genetic deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes is known as ____________________.

albinism

A large blister that is larger than 0.5 cm in diameter is a/an ____________________.

bulla

What is a superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands?

trichomycosis axillaris

Where are sensory nerve endings located?

dermis

What is the term for the keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe?

unguis

The correct pronunciation for the term that means dead, crust-like tissue found in a full-thickness wound is _____________.

ES-kar

The autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened is known as ____________________.

scleroderma

Which condition involves tissue death that is usually associated with a loss of circulation?

gangrene

What is the underlying skin layer that mainly contains adipose tissue?

hypodermal layer

What stratum of the epidermis is commonly called the clear layer?

lucidum

The regenerative layer of the skin is found in what stratum?

stratum basale

What structure is a bundle of smooth muscle fibers that are attached to the hair follicle?

arrector pili muscle

Which of the following statements about the integumentary system is false?

•   The skin is an elastic, resistant covering to protect the internal organs and to allow us to be able to move.

•   The skin produces two secretions, sebum, or oil, and sweat.

•   The skin is involved in the production of vitamin B12, a vitamin necessary for calcium absorption.

•   The skin is an important organ for thermoregulation.

The skin is involved in the production of vitamin B12, a vitamin necessary for calcium absorption.

When external temperatures increase, blood vessels in the dermis dilate to bring more blood flow to the surface of the body. T or F

True

What disease is characterized by irregular patches of skin that lack pigmentation?

vitiligo

What are the most common and most numerous types of sweat glands?

eccrine glands

What is the term for the pale half-moon-shaped region at the nail root?

lunula

The correct pronunciation of the medical term that means the surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles is _________________________.

rit-ih-DECK-toh-mee

The subcutaneous layer of the skin contains an abundance of _______.

Lipocytes

Which layer of the skin connects the skin to surface muscles?

subcutaneous layer

The function of what cells is responsible for responding to injury, infection, or allergy?

mast cells

Where are new cells produced within the epidermis?

basal layer

Reg Filbert is diagnosed with an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection on his right foot. Which term best describes Reg's condition?

cellulitis

Which disorder is characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks?

psoriasis

The general term for a widespread rash that usually occurs in children is ____________________.

exanthem

Eighty-year-old Tony Feliz has a purple discoloration on his arm that his doctor says is a result of the blood-thinning medication he is taking. Which term best describes Tony's condition?

purpura

Which procedure is also known as a skin graft?

dermatoplasty

a benign fatty tumor under the skin that causes a bump is a/an ____________________.

lipoma

The term that describes the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound is ____________________.

debridement

Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disorder that is characterized by red patches covered by thick, dry, and silvery scales. T or F

True

Melanocytes produce the pigment keratin. T or F

False

1. Which of the following is not a function of keratin?

• Protecting the body from injury and infection.

• Regulating body temperature through sweat and blood flow to the skin.

• Producing RBCs to carry oxygen throughout the circulation.

• Excreting nitrogenous waste products such as urea, ammonia, and uric acid in our sweat.

Producing RBCs to carry oxygen throughout the circulation.

What disease is characterized by a fungal infection of the nails resulting in dry, thickened, and brittle nails?

Onychomycosis

What is the white crescent at the proximal end of the nail called?

lunula

What type of burn completely destroys the epidermis and dermis, and is characterized by charring of the skin?

A third-degree burn

What regenerative layer of the skin is found in what stratum?

Stratum basale

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is ______ _____.

malignant melanoma.

What stratum of the epidermis is commonly called the clear layer?

lucidum

What cells are responsible for producing skin color?

melanocytes

What is the pigment that protects us from the harmful UV rays of the sun?

melanin

From which structure does the nail originate and grow?

root

Which procedure is also known as a skin graft?

Dermatoplasty

Which term refers to a form of abrasion involving use of a revolving wire brush of sandpaper?

Dermabrasion

A skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites is _____.

scabies

Where are new cells produced within the epidermis?

Basal layer

A typical moles that can develop into skin cancer are _____ ____.

dysplastic nevi

A skin disorder characterized by red papules covered with silvery scales is _______.

psoriasis

The term for the condition commonly known as baldness is _______.

alopecia

Hyperhidrosis is characterized by which of the following?

excessive sweating

A potentially precancerous skin growth caused by excessive exposure to the sun is _____ _____.

actinic keratosis

Which is a general term for any skin growth involving an overgrowth or thickening of the skin?

Keratosis

What does the word root in albinism mean?

white

What is a non-infected lesion that may occur in conjunction with acne vulgaris?

comedo

Which condition is characterized by dark, velvety areas of skin discoloration, useable in skin folds?

Acanthosis nigricans

What is the oily substance responsible for lubricating the surface of the skin? 

sebum

The root of a hair is within a ____ ____.

hair follicle.

Ari Seigel has developed a keloid along the incision site from his abdominal surgery. What best describes a keloid? 

an abnormal scar

Which benign skin growth typically occurs in adults over age 50? 

seborrheic keratosis

Which term refers to a crust-like tissue found in a full-thickness wound? 

eschar

Which term means the normal production and excretion of sweat? 

hidrosis

What does an epidermoid cyst contain? 

fatty material

The abbreviation for the most common and least harmful type of skin cancer is ___.

BCC

June Inez, age 63, visits the dermatologist to have a light tan, waxy-looking growth on her skin evaluated. Which term best describes June's condition?

seborrheic keratosis

Which is the condition characterized by an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands? 

heat rash

The nail on Sanders O'Reilly's big toe is turning yellow and becoming thick and brittle. Which condition does Sanders most likely have? 

onychomycosis

Which structure of the integumentary system helps discourage the growth of bacteria on the skin? 

Sebaceous glands 

Which term is also known as a mole? 

Nevus

What structure of the skin is divided into the papillary layer and the reticular layer? 

the dermis

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

• Protecting the body from injury and infection.

• Regulating body temperature through sweat and blood flow to the skin.

• Producing red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the circulation.

• Excreting nitrogenous waste products such as urea, ammonia, and uric acid in our sweat.

Producing red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the circulation.

What glands are simple tubular glands found in most parts of the body? 

Sweat 

What accessory structure is composed of the cuticle, the cortex, and the medulla? 

Hair

Which abnormal sac contains fluid, gas, or semisolid material?

cyst

Which term refers to a form of abrasion involving use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper?

Dermabrasion

What is the term for a solid, raised lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm? 

nodule

Which condition is characterized by small, pinpoint hemorrhages?

Petechiae

A skin disorder characterized by red papules covered with silvery scales is _____. 

psoriasis

Which combining form means fingernail or toenail? 

onych/o

Benson Arturio sees his dermatologist about persistent bumps and pimples along his jawline that make shaving difficult. Which term describes inflamed hair follicles?

folliculitis