GARY JASON PHIL 105 FALLACIES

Ignoring the Issue

rather than address the issue at hand, you (unemotionally and responsively) talk about something different

Shifting the Burden of Proof/ Appeal to Ignorance

rather than prove your point, you demand others prove you wrong

pooh-poohing

Dismissing, rather than arguing against a legitimate point

accident

applying a general rule to an atypical case

False Analogy

an argument driven by an analogy in which there are major relevant differences between the things compared

Hasty Generalization

generalizing on a sample that is biased or too small

Bad Appeal to Authority

an appeal to authority which violates one of the eight criteria given

Appeal to Pity

making people favor a point by making them feel sorrow for an irrelevant group, rather than by giving logical evidence

Appeal to Hate/ Attacking the Person

Making people oppose a point by making them feel hate for some irrelevant person or group rather than by giving evidence

Appeal to the Crowd

Making people favor a point by manipulating irrelevant feelings of identity

Appeal to Fear

making people oppose a point by making them afraid of an irrelevant thing rather than by giving logical evidence

division

either arguing that what is true of the whole must be true of the parts, or using a general term collectively in the premise and distributively in the conclusion

Composition

either arguing that what is true of a PART must be true of a WHOLE or else using a general term distributively in the premise and collectively in the conclusion

Equivocation

either shifting from one meaning of an ambiguous word to another during an argument or else using an ambiguous sentence to mislead

Accent

changing the meaning of a sentence by stressing or omitting words

Loaded Question

asking a question with a false/debatable presupposition

Begging the Question

Assuming during an argument what you have been asked to prove

False Cause

Arguing that something caused something else merely on the basis of a temporal or statistical linkage