Acoustics and Hearing Loss - SPPA 3510

____-frequency sounds are MORE impacted by the Head Shadow Effect

high

dynamic range of the auditory system (in micropascals and dB SPL)

20-200,000,000

0-140 dB SPL

quietest sound we can perceive

threshold of audibility

loudest sound before discomfort is felt

threshold of feeling

dB SPL describes the _____ compared to the _____.

air pressure of a soundwave, threshold of audibility

dB HL describes the _____ for different frequencies to be _____.

minimum intensity needed, perceived by the ear

why do we convert dB SPL to dB HL?

the ear hears middle frequencies easier that very high or low frequencies.

an audiogram in dB SPL would be wavy, uneven, and hard to read.

x and y labels of an audiogram

Hz and dB HL

3 types of hearing loss

conductive

sensorineural

mixed

disorder causing complications deciphering a lot of auditory input at once

auditory processing disorder

disorder of 8th cranial nerve or auditory brainstem

retrocochlear disorders

normal hearing range

-10-20 dB HL

mild hearing loss

21-40 dB HL

moderate hearing loss

41-55 dB HL

moderately sever hearing loss

56- 70 dB HL

severe

71-90 dB HL

profound hearing loss

90+ dB HL

microtia and anotia

undereveloped pinna / no pinna at all

atresia

absence of an ear canal

accessory auricle

secondary pinna forming from extra tissue

low-set ear

ear is set abnormally low on the skull

ear tag

small protrusion near the tragus

ear pit

small depression near the tragus

cerumen impaction

earwax buildup

tympanic membrane perforation

hole in the tympanic membrane

tympanosclerosis

scarring which limits the tympanic membrane’s ability to vibrate

otitis media with effusion

middle ear infection with fluid

cholesteatoma

toxic tumor that pushes on the tympanic membrane, eating away at it and the ossicles

otosclerosis

stapes footplate becomes lodged in the oval window. can be treated with stapedectomy

stapedectomy

surgical replacement of diseased stapes with a prosthetic

presbycusis

age-related hearing loss

auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

delayed or rogue firing of the synapse between the auditory nerve and the hair cell

unilateral

one ear

bilateral

both ears

congenital

present at birth

adventitious

acquired after birth

pseudohypoacusis

false or exaggerated hearing loss

acute

sudden onset, short duration

chronic

long duration

sudden

rapid onset, long duration

gradual

occurring in small degrees over time

progressive

advancing in degree

fluctuating

aperiodic change in degree