#1 205 hand development and oral motor skills study guide

what is the developmental sequence of prewriting strokes?

2-3 yo vertical and horizontal strokes

3-4 yo circles and intersecting lines

4-6 yo diagonal and increasingly complex forms/shapes

What are the different types of efficient grasp patterns used during handwriting?

dynamic tripod pencil grip

dynamic quadrupod pencil grip

lateral tripod

lateral quadrupod

adapted tripod grasp

what age do prewriting strokes emerge?

2-3 they begin

crude palmar grasp? what age?

object is on ulnar side of palm

4-5 months

Palmar grasp? age?

object is in the middle of the palm

5-6 months

radial palmar grasp? age?

object is on radial side of the hand 6-7 months

raking? age?

7-8 months

radial digital grasp? age?

using 1st three fingers but not yet to the pads 8-9 months

developmental scissors grasp? age?

8-9 months, object is between index finger and thumb

inferior pincer

object on index and thumb but not yet to the pads 8-9 months

three jaw chuck? age?

1st three fingers on the pads 10-12 months

pincer grasp? age?

index and thumb on the pads 10-12 months

neat pincer grasp? age?

10-12 months index and thumb tip to tip

what are the release patterns? when do they occur?

starts as a reflex to

transitional release 5-6 months

purposeful release 5/6-13 months

controlled release (placing an object)

a forced object transfer happens?

at 4 months

a smooth object transfer happens at what age?

7 months

a precise object transfer happens at what age?

the end of the first year

types of in-hand manipulation?

finger to palm

palm to finger

shift

simple rotation

complex rotation

hand preference emerges when? established by? mastered when?

may appear in infancy but becomes clearer at 3 years

types of handedness and their characteristics?

established hand dominance means?

prefers R or L it has been established

unestablished hand dominance means?

still developing has not decided which hand to use yet

mixed handedness means?

uses both hands for different tasks

switched handedness means?

was forced to learn to used unpreferred hand

Pathologic handedness means?

preference influenced by significant weakness/neuro injury

ambidextrous handedness means?

comparable skills with both hands

which grasp of a writing tool is typically used first?

palmar supinate

which pencil grasp is the most mature?

dynamic tripod grasp

drawing progression with ages?

Imitates scribble
Spontaneous scribble
Imitates vertical line
Imitates horizontal line
Copies circle
Copies cross
Copies square
Copies triangle
Copies diamond

cutting progression with ages?

Snips with scissors
Cuts following a line
Cuts out picture