mexico

President

Elected by plurality vote, serves a single six-year term (sexenio) with no re-election.

Chamber of Deputies

Lower House with 500 members, 300 elected by single-member districts and 200 by proportional representation, serving 3-year terms.

Senate

Upper House with 128 members, composed of 96 elected by FPTP and 32 by proportional representation, serving 6-year terms.

INE (National Electoral Institute)

An independent body that organizes elections and ensures fairness.

PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)

A dominant party in Mexico from 1929 to 2000, known for clientelism and corporatism.

PEMEX

State-owned oil company created in 1938 to assert control over natural resources.

Dedazo

System where the outgoing president selected the next PRI candidate.

PAN (National Action Party)

Center-right party founded in 1939, known for free-market policies and opposition to PRI.

PRD (Party of the Democratic Revolution)

Left-leaning party founded in 1989 advocating for social justice and democratic reforms.

Chiapas Rebellion (Zapatista uprising)

1994 uprising that challenged the PRI's image of national unity and highlighted inequality.

Economic Crises

Refers to events like the 1994 peso crisis that led to public discontent with the PRI.

Social Cleavages

Divides in society based on ethnicity, region, class, urban-rural residence, religion, and gender.

Civil Society

Organizations that act as safeguards against governmental misconduct, supported by the Mexican Constitution.

Maquiladoras

Manufacturing plants in Mexico that import materials duty-free and export products, vital for job creation.

Political Party System

Historical dominance by PRI with a recent shift towards a multiparty system including PAN and MORENA.

Regional Inequality

Economic disparities between northern and southern Mexico contributing to political divides.

Gender Cleavage

Refers to traditional gender roles that challenge progress towards gender equality in Mexico.

Public Perception of Civil Society

Generally favorable, with organizations promoting social development and protections for human rights.