AP US Gov and Pol - American Federalism

The third set of AP American Gov and Pol vocab.

devolution revolution

the effort to slow the growth of federal government by returning powers to the states

Federalism

Constitutional arrangement which divides the powers between federal, state, and other governments

dual federalism (layer cake)

Foreign policy and national defense is for the government, everything else is for the states

cooperative federalism

stresses relations between government branches to deliver services to the people

marble cake federalism

all levels of government are involved in all issues. No divisions

competitive federalism

The national, state, and local governments are all in a competition to give services and taxes.

permissive federalism

the amount of power shared lies on the national government’s permission

“our federalism”

Ronald Reagan’s belief that federal government is limited in favor of state government

unitary system

power is in a central government

confederation

when states create a limited central government with no direct authority

express powers

powers the Constitution grants to a government branch

implied powers

powers implied by the express powers

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)

Congress has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out Constitutional powers

inherent powers

powers in foreign affairs that do not depend on the Constitution

Commerce Clause

Congress’s power to regulate business activities between a state and anyone outside.

federal mandate

a requirement to receive federal funds

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Each state must recognize civil judgements by other state courts

extradition

sending back a criminal to their home state if they escaped to another state

interstate compact

an agreement among two or more states approved by Congress

national supremacy

federal has more say over states

preemption

the right of a federal law to outlaw a state law

Centralist

people who favor federal government over state government

Decentralist

people who favor state or local government over federal government

Categorical formula grants

government funds for a specific purpose

Project grants

government funds for a specific project

state’s rights

powers expressly or implicitly for the states

block grants

government funds with no limits on how the money can be used

direct orders

a technique of Congress to establish federal regulations, if not followed, arrest will occur

cross-cutting requirements

requirements that apply to all levels of government when spending government funding

crossover sanctions

permits the use of money in one program to influence policy in another state

Total Preemption

Federal law overrides state law

Partial Preemption

Federal law adds to state law

creative federalism

similar to marble cake federalism

fiscal federalism

through different grant programs, all governments have some piece of marble cake powers

linkage institutions

the means where individuals can express preferences on the developing public policy

photo ops

photo opportunities set up by candidates to simplify political issues

sound bites

30-second statements on the news that simplify political issues