(1) A&P 1st quarter: Systems, Directional Terms, Body Cavities, Regional Terms, Body Planes

Systems, Directional Terms, Body Cavities, Regional Terms, Body Planes

Anatomy:

Structure of an organism (heart, brain)

Physiology:

How the body functions using the organs from anatomy (how does the heart pump blood?)

Digestive system is made up of: (5)

Stomach, small & large intestines, mouth, rectum

Digestive system function (3)

Break down food, energy, delivered to rest of body

Cardiovascular system is made up of: (2)

Heart, blood vessels

Cardiovascular system function (4*

)

Removes waste and Carries oxygen, nutrients & hormones to rest of body

Skeletal system is made up of: (4)

Bones, ligaments, cartilage, joints

Skeletal system function: (1)

Supports framework of body

Nervous system is made up of: (2)

Brain, nerves

Nervous system function (1)

Fast-acting control center

Respiratory system is made up of: (3)

lungs, nose, mouth

Respiratory system function: (2)

Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out

Muscular system is made up of: (1)

Muscles

Muscular system function: (1)

Contract (so movement can occur)

Immune/Lymphatic system is made up of: (3)

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

Immune/Lymphatic system function:(2)

Returns fluid (seeped out from blood vessels) & cells immunity

Reproductive system is made up of: (4)

Testis, penis, ovaries, vagina

Reproductive system function: (1)

Make new offspring

Endocrine system is made up of: (1)

Hormones

Endocrine system function: (1)

Slow-acting control center to regulate how organs work

Integumentary System is made up of: (2)

Skin, hair

Integumentary system function: (1)

Body’s outer protective layer

Structure determines…

Function

Homeostasis

Body maintains a stable internal environment despite the changes in external conditions, ensuring proper cellular function and survival

8 Functions necessary for life:

Maintain boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth

5 Survival Needs:

Oxygen, Nutrients, Water, Normal body temperature, Normal atmospheric pressure

Directional Terms

describe where one body part is in relation to another

Anatomical Position

body is straight w/ feet slightly apart & thumbs pointed away from the body

Superior

located above/closer to the head

Inferior

located below/closer to feet

Interchangeable w/ Superior

Cranial

Interchangeable w/ Inferior

Caudal

Anterior

toward the front of a body or organ

Posterior

toward the back of a body or organ

Interchangeable w/ Anterior

Ventral

Interchangeable w/ Posterior

Dorsal

Proximal

closer to the trunk (torso)/center of the body

Distal

farther from the trunk (torso)/center of the body

Lateral

away from the midline of the body

Medial

toward the midline of the body

Deep

beneath/away from the surface of the body

Superficial

close to/towards the body’s surface

Right

Left

Body Cavities

hold internal organs and separated by double membranes w/ fluid in between that absorb shock from movement

Dorsal Cavity

encloses the brain & spinal cord (cranial cavity & vertebral cavity)

Ventral Cavity

protects the internal visceral organs (Thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity)

Thoracic cavity

Superior Mediastinum, Pleural cavity, Pericardial cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominal cavity, Pelvic cavity

Regional Terms

Bod is divided into different areas, used to describe where an issue is in medical terms

Cephalic region

the head (front & back)

Cervical region

neck region (front & back)

Thoracic region

chest area

Abdominal region

stomach area

Pelvic region

hip & pelvis area

Pubic region

reproductive organs area

Upper limb region

shoulder to hand (front & back)

Lower limb region

hip to toes (front & back)

Dorsal (back) region

bones & muscles in back & butt areas

All 3 body planes

median (midsagittal), frontal (coronal), transversal (horizontal)

Midsagittal (median) plane

makes two equal halves (right/left)

Coronal (frontal) plane

divides body into anterior & posterior sections

Horizontal (transversal) plane

divides body into superior & inferior sections