Osmosis and Solution Concentrations Summary

Hypotonic Solution

A solution containing a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of a cell, causing water to flow into the cell and making animal cells swell.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution containing a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of a cell, causing water to flow out of the cell and making animal cells shrivel.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with equal solute and water concentrations inside and outside the cell, resulting in dynamic molecule movement with no net change in cell mass.

Percent Difference Formula

$\text{Percent Difference} = \frac{\text{Final Mass} - \text{Initial Mass}}{\text{Initial Mass}} \times 100$

Water Concentration Calculation

To find the water percentage in a solution with $75\%$ solute, subtract the solute percentage from $100\%$ ($100\% - 75\% = 25\%$ water).