HGAP Population Vocab

arable land

land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops

arithmetic density

the amount of people per unit area of all land

agricultural density

the ratio of the number of farmers to amount of arable land

carrying capacity

max population an environment can sustain without damage

crude birth rate

number of births happening in an area per 1,000 people in 1 year in a country

crude death rate

the number of deaths occurring among 1000 people of a geographic area in a year

demographic momentum

phenomemon in which a country with a large percentage of young people (usually less developed) will have continued population growth; once young people become older than child-bearing age population will decrease

demography

study of statistics like births, deaths, income, or incidence of disease and how they show the changing structure of human populations

dependency ratio

measure of portion of population of people that are too young/old to work

doubling rate

period of time it takes for population to double in size

epidemiologic transition model

model explaining shift in cause-of-death patterns that comes with overall decline of death rates; pairs with demographic transition theory

infant mortality rate

number of deaths among babies under 1 year of age for each thousand live births in a year

Thomas Malthus

English scholar who created theory - population growth will eventually outrun food supply so there must be a restriction on human reproduction

natural increase rate

percentage where a country’s population is growing/declining without impact of migration

Neo-Malthusians

people today who have applied Malthus’s basic ideas to modern conditions

Negative Population Growth

population decreasing in a country because people aren’t having enough babies to replace the number of people dying

pandemic

outbreak of disease that spread over a country/world

physiological density

number of people per unit area of arable land

replacement rate

total amount of births needed for a population to replace itself

total fertility rate

average number of children who would be born per women of fertile group in a country

zero population growth

when birth rate equals death rate

pronatalist policies

government policies that encourage child birth like tax breaks and flexible work hours

life expectancy

figure showing how long on average a person is expected to live

population pyramid

model used in population geography to show age/sx distribution of a population

sx ratio

ratio of males to females in population

ecumene

portion of Earth’s surface occupied with permanent human settlement

maternal mortality rate

death of a women from pregnancy related causes per 100,000 births

anti-natalist policy

attempt to decrease the number of births, often used by developing countries

demographic transition model (DTM)

shows 5 stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize