MCB 245 cell types

Epithelial tissue structure

tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix

Epithelial tissue functions

Covers body and organ surfaces, lines body cavities and organ cavities, forms glands

Types of Simple Epithelium

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar

Types of Stratified Epithelium

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

Connective tissue structure

Contains cells, protein fibers, and ground substance

Connective tissue functions

Binds, supports, and protects other tissues and organs

Types of connective tissue proper

Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular)

Dense (regular, irregular, elastic)

Types of supporting connective tissue

Cartilage (hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, bone)

Types of fluid connective tissue

blood, lymph

Muscle tissue structure

Cells may be cylindrical, branching, or spindle-shaped; may contain contractile proteins (myofilaments)

Muscle tissue functions

Moves the skeleton, organ walls, or body structures; contractile, conductive, and excitable

Types of muscle tissue

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Nervous tissue structure

Contains neurons and glial cells

Nervous tissue functions

Neurons transmit nerve impulses and process information; glial cells support, protect, and nourish neurons

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Stratified columnar epithelium

Transitional epithelium

Simple squamous function + location

Thinnest possible barrier to allow for rapid diffusion and filtration; secretion in serous membranes

Located in air sacs in lungs (alveoli), lining of lumen of blood and lymph vessels, serous membranes of body cavities

Simple cuboidal function + location

Absorption + secretion; forms secretory tissue of most glands and small ducts

Located in kidney tubules, thyroid gland follicles, surface of ovary, secretory regions of ducts and most glands

Non-ciliated simple columnar function + location

Absorption + secretion; secretion of mucin

Located in inner lining of most of digestive tract (stomach, small + large intestine)

Ciliated simple columnar function + location

Secretion of mucin and movement of mucus along apical surface of epithelium by cilia; oocyte movement through uterine tube

Located in the lining of larger bronchioles (air passageways) of lung and the uterine tubes

Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar function + location

Protection

Located in lining of part of male urethra and epididymis

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar function + location

Protection; secretion of mucin and movement of mucus along apical surface of epithelium by cilia

Located in lining of larger airways, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi

Keratinized stratified squamous function + location

Protection of underlying tissue from abrasion

Located in epidemies of skin

Non-keratinized stratified squamous function + location

Protection of underlying tissue from abrasion

Located in lining of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, lining of vagina, and anus

Stratified cuboidal function + location

Protection + secretion

Located in ducts of most exocrine glands and ovarian follicles

Stratified columnar function + location

Protection + secretion

Located in large ducts of salivary glands, conjunctiva covering eye, membranous part of male urethra

Transitional epithelium function + location

Accommodates urine volume changes (by distending or relaxing)

Located in urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra

Areolar (loose, connective proper)

Adipose (loose, connective proper)

Reticular (loose, connective proper)

Dense regular (dense, connective proper)

Dense irregular (dense, connective proper)

Elastic (dense, connective proper)

Hyaline cartilage (cartilage, supporting connective)

Fibrocartilage (cartilage, supporting connective)

Elastic cartilage (cartilage, supporting connective)

Compact bone (solid matrix, supporting connective)

Spongy bone (solid matrix, supporting connective)

Blood (fluid connective)

Areolar connective tissue

Abundant, viscous ground substance; few collagen and elastic fibers; scattered fibroblasts; many blood vessels

Protects tissues and organs; binds skin and some epithelia to deeper tissue

Located in papillary layer of the dermis, subcutaneous layer, surrounds organs, nerve cells, some muscle cells, blood vessels

Adipose connective tissue

Closely packed adipocytes; nucleolus pushed to edge of cell by large fat droplet; contains many blood vessels

Stores energy, insulates, cushions, protects

Located in subcutaneous layer, surrounds and covers some organs

Reticular connective tissue

Viscous ground substance; meshwork of reticular fibers, leukocytes, and some fibroblasts

Provides stroma (supportive framework) to lymphatic organs

Located in spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow

Dense regular connective tissue

Densley packed, parallel arrays of collage fibers, fibroblasts squeezed between layers of fibers, scarce ground substance; limited blood supply

Attatches bone to bone and muscle to bone, resists stress applied

Located in tendons and ligaments

Dense irregular connective tissue

Collagen fibers randomly arranged and clumped together. fibroblasts in spaces among fibers, more ground substance than in dense regular, extensive blood supply

Withstands stresses applied in all directions, durable

Located in dermis, periosteum covering bone and cartilage, epineurium covering nerves, epimysium covering skeletal muscle, organ capsules

Elastic connective tissue

Elastic fibers, fibroblasts occupy some spaces between fibers

Allows for stretching and recoil

Located in walls of elastic arteries (aorta), trachea, vocal cords

Hyaline cartilage

Glassy-appearing matrix, irregularly arranged chondrocytes in lacunae

Provides support, forms most of fetal skeleton

Located in tip of nose, trachea, larynx, costal cartilage, epiphyseal (growth) plates and articular ends of long bones, fetal skeleton

Fibrocartilage

Really visible, numerous, parallel collagen fibers with limited ground substance, large chondrocytes in lacunae

Resists compression, acts as shock absorber

Located in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee joints

Elastic cartilage

Abundant elastic fibers that form weblike mesh, closely packed chondrocytes in lacunae

Maintain shape while permitting extensive flexibility

Located in external ear, epiglottis of larynx