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protons

a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom (100)

isotopes

atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons

electron configurations

the arrangement of electrons of an atom in its grand state into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms

quantum

the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another

atom

the smallest particle of an element that retains identity in a chemical reaction

chemical symbol

a one- or two- letter representation of an element

valence electrons

an electron in the outermost or highest occupied energy level of an atom

atomic emission spectrum

the pattern formed when light emitted by an element passes through a prism or diffraction grating and is separated into the different wavelengths or frequencies of light it contains

electrons

a negatively charged subatomic particle

mass number

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

spin

a quantum mechanical property of electrons that may be thought of as clockwise or counter clockwise orientation

energy levels

the specific energies an electron in an atom or other system can have

electron dot structures

a notation that depicts volume electrons as dots around the atomic symbol of the element

quantum mechanical model

the modern description, primary mathematical, of the behavior of electrons in atoms

atomic orbital

a mathematical expression describing the probability of finding an electron at various locations; usually represented by the region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron

average atomic mass

the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element; also called atomic mass

neutrons

a subatomic particle with no charge and a mass of 1 amu; found in the nucleus of an atom

periodic table

an argument of elements which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

element

the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into similar substances by chemical means

nucleus

the tiny, dense central portion of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons