biosci 152 quiz 4: Survey of Plant Diversity & Life Cycles

Non-vascular plants (Bryophytes)

Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts

Seedless vascular plants

Ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns, and club mosses

Non-flowering seed plants (Gymnosperms)

Conifers, cycads, ginkgos and gnetophytes

Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

Grasses, wildflowers, and deciduous trees

The ancestor of land plants is

Green algae

Homosporous

plants produce only one type of spore. These spores are all the same size and grow into a single gametophyte that contains both male and female reproductive organs (e.g., most ferns and clubmosses).

Heterosporous

plants produce two different types of spores. They make large spores (megaspores) that grow into female plants, and small spores (microspores) that grow into male plants (e.g., all seed-bearing plants like conifers and flowering

Moss

Gametophyte dominant and depends on water for fertilization

Ferns

Sporophyte dominant and depends on water for fertilization

Gymnosperm

Sporephyte dominant

Bryophytes

cuticle, gemmae cups, sporophyte, capsules

Seedless vascular plants

leaves (microphylls, megaphylls), sporophylls/strobili/sori, rhizomes (with roots), sporophyte, gametophyte

Gymnosperms

seed, megaphyll, strobilus/cone, heterospory

Antheridium

The male reproductive structure in mosses, ferns, and other non-flowering plants that produces and releases motile, flagellated sperm.

Archegonium

The female reproductive structure in mosses, ferns, and other non-flowering plants that produces a single egg and serves as the site of fertilization

Sori

Clusters of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually found on the underside of fern fronds

Name two traits/structures present in gymnosperms but absent in pteridophytes (ferns)

Seeds and Pollen