Introduction to Cells: Cell Theory, Organelles, and Cell Types

Vocabulary flashcards covering the components of Cell Theory, organelles and their specific functions, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on lecture notes.

Cell Theory

The biological principle stating that all living things are made up of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Organelles

Mini organs within a cell that perform specific functions or jobs.

Cell membrane

The outer boundary of the cell that acts like a door, controlling what enters and exits the cell.

Nucleus

The organelle that acts as the brain of the cell, housing DNA and telling the cell what to do.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance (described as jello) that holds the organelles in place within the cell.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell that makes energy for the cell.

Cell wall

A rigid outer structure found in plant cells that provides shape and protection.

Chloroplast

An organelle present in plant cells that makes food for the plant through photosynthesis.

Ribosomes

Small structures that function like factories within the cell to make proteins.

Vacuoles

Organelles within eukaryotic cells primarily used for storage, such as storing $H_2O$.

Prokaryotic Cells

Smaller cells, such as bacteria, that have a cell membrane and DNA, but have no nucleus to enclose and protect their DNA.

Eukaryotic Cells

Bigger, more complex cells, such as plant and animal cells, that have a nucleus enclosing their DNA and contain organelles with different jobs that must work together.

Pro-

A prefix meaning "before".