SPAC 215 Quiz 4

For every 1 hour scheduled for a spacewalk, astronauts spend roughly _____ to ____ hours training underwater in the NBL.

5 to 7

Two methods to help astronauts practice bracing, torque control, and movement mechanics in space

Partial Gravity System (POGO) and Active Reaction Gravity Offload System (ARGOS)

Support divers for the NBL training

2 safety divers, 2 utility divers, 1 camera/float diver

The Thermal Control System contains the ____ and ____ thermal conrol systems.

active, passive

The Passive Thermal Control System (PTCS) utilizes:

coatings, insulation, sun shields, louvers

The Active Thermal Control System (ATCS) utilizies:

coolant bags, cold-plates, pumps, heat exchangers

The internal ATCS (IATCS) uses ______, while the external ATCS (EATCS) uses _____.

water, ammonia

Two thermal control systems are needed because….

humans do not respond well to sudden temperature changes

Each solar array wing (SAW) and photovoltaic array (PVA) are ___ x ___ m

35 × 12

SAWs and PVAs are able to rotate because of the _____.

Solar Array Rotating Joint (SARJ)

The range of power between the SAWs and PWAs is:

120-84 kW

Why does the range of power for the SAWs and PVAs exist?

eclipse

An eclipse between the ISS, Earth, and the Sun lasts for ____ minutes.

30

SAWs are located at ____ - _____ at the end of each arm

P4-P6 and S4-S6

The radiators are located at ____ and ____ on the ISS.

P1 and S1

Communication between the solar array wings and ISS

SAWs → Sequential Shunt Unit (SSU) → Main Bus Switch Unit (MBSU)

Two uses for GNC

orbital reboost, debris avoidance

The four GNC modes

CMG Attitude Control, CMG Thruster Assist, User Data Generation, Wait & Standby

Command, communication, and data-handling link between MCC and ISS

MCC → White Sands Test Facility → Tracking Data Relay Satellite → ISS

The _____ is used to relay temperature, humidity, attitude, and speed info.

S-band

The S-band has an upload speed of ____ kbps.

1024

The _____ is used to communicate audio, video, and payload data.

Ku-band

The Ku-band has an uplink speed of ____ Mbps and a downlink speed of ____ Mbps.

25, 300

The ___________ is used to help with tracking data.

deep-space network

The deep space network (DSN) has three locations in _____, ______, and _____.

Goldstone, Madrid, Canberra

The ______________ manages communication between satellites, ISS, ISS crewmembers, and spacecraft visiting the ISS and MCC.

Communication Radio Frequency Onboard Network Utilization Specialist (CRONUS)

The _____________ monitors and commands spacecraft.

Space Operations Control Center (SOCC)

The _______ oversees payload instruments.

Payload Operations Control Center

The MCC for NASA is located in:

Houston, TX

The MCC for ESA is located in:

Oberptattenhoten, Germany

The MCC for JAXA is located in:

Tsukuba, Japan

The MCC for CSA is located in:

St. Hubert, Quebec

The MCC for ROSCOSMOS is located in:

Star City

ISS Station Modes:

standard, microgravity, reboost, proximity operations, external operations, survival, assured safe crew return

____ kg/crewmember/day of materials consumed on the ISS (mass balance)

5

The ISS has ___ life support subsystems

6

USOS ISS LSS + Assemblies

ACS Atmosphere Control System - maintaining pressure - NPRv, PPRV, MPRV, HPGT, OGA

ARS Atmosphere Revitalization System

THC Temperature & Humidity Control

FDS Fire Detection & Suppression

WRM Water Recovery & Management

VS Vacuum System

(EVA Spport - 7th subsystem)

Atmosphere Control & Supply (ACS)

• maintains pressure and partial pressure

• modules: positive pressure relief valve, negative pressure relief valve, manual pressure relief valve, high pressure gas tanks (HPGT), oxygen generating assembly (linked to water recovery management)

• Time-between maintenance (TBM) and time-between repair (TBR) and time-between failure (TBF)

Atmosphere Revitalization (ARS)

• consequence of this system failing: hypercapnia

• 0.03% amount of CO2 can be breathed in

• Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA)

• Advanced Closed Loop System (ACLS) - produces water from CO2 then oxygen from water

• Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) - removes volatile organic compounds (VOC)

• Major Constituent Analyzer (ACA) detects levels of VOCs, tells TCCS if there is a leak

Temperature & Humidity Control (THC)

• maintains temperature and humidity levels within the comfort box

• 18-26 degrees C, 25-75% humidity

• Common Cabin Air Assembly CCAA - filters particulates

• PDMS scrubbers

• intramodule or intermodule

Fire Detection and Suppression System FDS

• portable breathing apparatus PBA

• portable fire extinguisher PFE

Water Recovery Management System WRMS

• Urine Processing Assembly - separation, filtration, distillation

Vacuum System

• JEM, Columbus

• creates a vacuum for experiments

The Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) is located in ____

Tranquility

On Apollo missions, they used a ________ to exercise.

bungee cord

On the russian space station, they used the _____ and __________.

Chibis and penguin suit (very strong elastic bands)

Exercise Physiology & Countermeasures (EPC) lab

• perform aerobic & anaerobic respiration

• assess performance during activities

• perform task analysis & human in the loop testing

• specialized regimen to each astronaut

General training metrics

• #reps x #lbs = 1 set

• high frequency: 30-45 mA/45 mR

• T2: 20.4 kmh

• CEVIS: 350W @ 120 rpm

• Aerobic: 55-75% VO2

• Internal: 60-90% VO2

• ARED: 272 kg resistance

Other systems

MARES: Muscle atrophy research exercise system (Columbus)

CEVIS: Cycle ergometer vibration isolation system (Destiny)

VO2 Max

mL of O2 per day of body weight per min

__________ is how the body moves when performing movements

biomechanics

Hybrid Ultimate Lifting Kit (HULK)

similar to rowing machine

Astronaut Strength, Conditioning, & Rehabilitation (ASCR) training

• 45 days postflight

• proprioception: close your eyes and put dinger on nose

• postflight reconditioning program

Radiation countermeasures

• dosimeters - small radiation detection device

• Space Radiation Assessment Group (SRAG) - tracks the amount of radiation each astronaut is exposed to

• absolute career radiation limit: 600

• radiation shielding material on the ISS: polyethylene

• AstroRAD - vest that provides up to 150 mSv of radiation

Zarya

• launched 20 Nov 1998

• birthing mechanisms

• connects to USOS Unity module

Unity

• launched Dec 4, 1998

• first USOS module

• connects to Zarya

Zvezda

• attached to Zarya

• command center

• life support systems

• this is where cosmonauts sleep

• safest module :)

Destiny

• glove box

• window

• CPR table

JEM

• robot arm

• Japanese module

• connected to Harmony

Harmony

• where astronauts sleep

• attached to JEM

• vacuum system module

Caution & Warning

Class 1: beeps, life-threatening

Class 2: siren, loss of GNC, loss of attitude

Class 3: constant tone, loss of backup GNC, failure of S-band

Class 4: advisory

EMUs

7 hour use: 15 min don, 6 hour EVA, 15 min doff, 30 min reserve
- snoopy cap was derived from Apollo

Internal & External features:

• gloves, boot, lower torso, helmet

• hard upper torso, portable life support system, communication carrier assembly, liquid cooling and ventilation garment

prebreathe procedures

• prevents decompression sickness (DCS)

• dissolved gases coming out of solution in body fluids form a gas bubble

• denitrogenation - replacing the nitrogen in the body with oxygen

Tasks:

• Breathe O2 for 50 min, 10 min exercise at 75% max O2 uptake

• 30 min O2 breathing while pressure reduced from 14.7 to 10.2 psi

• 30 min breathing O2 during suit donning

• 40 min breathing O2 while in suit

In Situ Light Exericise (ISLE)

one countermeasure to DCS, done during prebreathe

Other risks of EVA

• drowning in space! happened to Luke

Simplified Aid for EVA Rescure (SAFER)

• backpack on astronaut suits

• used in case an astronaut is disconnected from the LSS

general eva suit functions

• carrying, holding, and grabbing things

• bending/stretching

• moving upper torso

• moving shoulders frequently

• moving waist

• donning/doffing

• MMOD protection

• consumables (lss)

space suit materials

• vectran

• kevlar

• nextrel

• nomex

Bailout

• preparing the cabin - altitude window: 20,000-10,000 feet, auto pilot engaged to keep shuttle stable, crew manually depressurizes cabin

• deploying the escape pole - pryotechnic bolts blow the main side hatch off the shuttle, 12 foot escape pole extended outwards

advanced crew escape suit

• was worn by flight crew during launch/reentry

• O2 from orbiter’s ECLSS supplied to crew

• ACES incorporated anti-exposure, anti-gravity suit to prevent pooling of body fluids

• Identify:…. on slide

• detachable gloves, suit ventilator vale and suit control valve

ISPRL

individual single person life raft

emergency protection

protected astronauts if shuttle lost cabin pressure or if they have to bail out during an emergency at altitudes up to 100,000 feet

High visibility

look at slides idk man

Donning suit

• LCG

• step in and pull up

• sleeve alignment

• zipping the pressure layer

• gloves and connections

• helmet

Suit weighs ____ lbs within harness, parachute, and life raft and ______ lbs with

28, 64

The d ring connects to the __________

parachute pack

airlock functions

• ingress

• egress

• pressurization

• depressurization

• donning suit

• doffing suit

• pre breathe

• recharge

EVA different parts

Lock:

• Power Supply Assembly

• Battery Storage Assembly

• Don/Doff Assembly

• Commeon Berthing Mechanism and Node Hatch

• Battery Charging Assembly

• In-Flight Refill Unit

• Extravehicular Mobility Unit

• Water Recharge Bag

Crew Lock:

• Intravehicular hatch

• EVA hatch