Political authority 1929-45

Unfinished continue notes till past 1933

When was the wall street crash

October 1929

What was the wall street crash

• The stock market in New york collapesed resulting in a world wide depression

what were the effects of the wall street crash on Germany

• Resulted in the withdrawal of loans

• world wide trade fell decreacing exports

• Unemployment rose

How much did unemployment rise due to the wall street crash

1929 - 2 million

1931 - 4.5 million

1932 - nearly 6 million

what percent of germany had no regular wage by 1930

1/3

what were the causes of the collapes of weimer germany

• The wall street crash resulted in rising unemployments and benifits cost with reduced revenew

• Welfare system had not been prepared for mass unemployment

• Coalitions and diverse party range reduced the ability to pass any policys, legislation or plans

When did the cabinet resign

March 1930 - the collapse of the grand coalition

When did bruling come to power

• 1930 to replace mullier

Who was bruling and his power in 1930

• Became Chancerloor

• was a leader of zentrum

• He did not have an majority so he had to use article 48 to pass decrees eg. new finance reform bill

• dissolved the richstag in July 1930

What were the effects of dissolving the riechstag in 1930

• Resulted in gains for the extreemist partys

• weakend legislative power

• more fragmented coallition s

• weakend moderate middle

What was the presidential government like after 1930

• Bruling constantly used article 48

• 109 Emergency decrees passes

• ended reperations by 1932

• Ban on SA and street fighting (failed) 1932

• Austerity policys such as higher taxes, cutting spending

How many bills were passes through the riechstag 1930-32

26 bills

when did reperations end

1932

When did bruling ban the SA

1932

What effect did Brulings austerity mesures have on the middle class

• Encouraged more og the middle class to vote for Extreemist parties

How did Hitler increace the NSDAP’s respectablility 1930’s

Through talks with political leaders

• Oct 1930 - Talks with Bruling

• 1931 oct - Hindenburg talks - went bad

• 1931 - DNVP

• 1932 - ruhr industrilists

what did hindenburg refer to hitler as

• ‘Austrian corpral’

What did hitler promise in 1930

• Law and order

• National party

• Keep out communists

What happened in the March 1930 presidential election

• Hitler stood for power splitting votes

• this ment Hindenburg had no majority

• Hindenburg one the second time

What and when were brulings land reforms

1932

• To break up large Prussian land estates and land

• thus giving small farming families a means to live

Hindenburg opposed this however and forced bruling to resign in 1932

When and who took over from Bruling as chancerlor

• Francis von papen 1932 june

How was Papen installed as chancerloor

Demonstrated democracy was dead

• He was not in the riechstag

• could only rule by decree

• Member of hindenburgs close circle

• His govement was made only from elites, land owners and industrilists

what did papen do to try and get the nazis on his side in 1930’s early

• Lifted Ban on the SA in june 1932

However he still looked down on hitler

what was the Prussian coup 1932

Aka- Preussenschlag

• Papen appointed himself as the Riechcommisioner of prussia and took compleate control

What were the results of the July new riechstag election

• extreemists won an even greater majority from middle class

• However HItler turned down vice-chancerlorship

• KDP and NAZI unified for a vote of no confidence = 42 seats forcing disoloution

what happened in the November 1932 election and why

• Nazi’s lost votes

• This is because the missle class were fearfull of hitlers SA attacks as well at the fact he turned down Vice-chancerlorship

• Economic situation was slightly improving

However, Shileider replaced Papen

What did Shliechers goverment introduce

• Job creation schemes

• Ended papens wages

• Benifits cuts

How did Schielder try to get the nazis to work with him

He belived an allience with the Nazis was the only way forward

• Put pressure on Hitler

• Opened negotiations with Gregor Strasser (rival to hitler in the nazis)

Shilerder alinated Hindenburg

• eg. revived the scheme to break up prussian estates so hindenburg removed his right to rule by decree

Why did Schidlers plan to get hitler working with him fail and when

Failed in Dec 1932

• George Strasser was Expelled from the Nazi party

How did Hitler get into power step by step time line

Jan 1933 - HItler and Papen talk

• Papen sujjests that Hitler could be chancerlor and him Vice- chancerlor

• Only two other Nazis would be in the cabinet

• Hitler in 30 Jan 1933 became chancerlor

Who supported hitlers rise to power plan with Papen

• Alfren Hugenburg DNVP leader wanted a Nazi led coalition

• General Werner von Blomberg agreed to be a defence minister

• Oskar lobbied hindenburg

when did germany become a one party state

july 1933

what partys did hitler ban

All

• KPD

• SPD

• DNVP

• Zentrum

what was the process of nazification called?

Gliechshaltung

when were lander assebleies abolished and replaced by what

1934 Jan

• Nazi Governers

what was the DAF

german labour front

when was the Emmergency decree that allowed hitler to remove opposition

febuary 28th 1933

what was the enabling act?

March 1933 - Gave hitler the power to issue laws without consultation of the Riechstag for four years

• Destroyed the riechstag

when did hitler disband the trade unions and where did they go?

May 1933

• Made to join DAF instead

what percent of the vote did the Nazis get in Nov 1933

92%

when did Hindenburg die?

August 1934

when was the reichstag fire?

27 feb 1933

• Fire in Riechstag before the elections

• Blammed on Dutch communist Van de lubbe

gave excuse for an emergency decree

what was the night of long knives

Used to destroy any opposition to the Nazis

• According to the Nazis 86 plotters were killed

• including Rohm, Strasser and Kurt von Scleicher

• Papen under house arrest

Puege allowed Himmlers SS to gain support from the army

why did the Knight of long knives take out the SA

• Hitler was worried about the SA’s violent and uncontrolled behaviour

• Rohm the leader of the SA wanted to merge it with the army and himself as the leader

1933 he openly called for a “second reveloution” (against hilter)

How did hitolers charecter allow him to gain power

His determination, ambition and calculations helped.

• without his personality Nazism may not have come about

how dod hindenburg help the Nazi’s into power

His age, past and readyness to listen to his inner circle contributed to his desision in 1933

What is Hans-Ulriech welhr’s view on why the nazis gained power?

• Nazism grew from german past as they never made a sussessfull transition to a democratic state

what was Georg Ritters view on why the Nazis gained power?

• Blambed weaknesses of the wiemar republic and its failures

what was Turners view on why the Nazis gained power?

• Blamed the elites and choices of individuals in power