Chapter 6 - THE SKELETAL SYSTEM: BONE TISSUE (10/6)

Support

One of the functions of bones; provides structural support for the body.

Protection

Function of bones that guards vital organs from injury.

Assists in Body Movements

Bones provide attachment points for muscles, facilitating movement.

Mineral homeostasis

The process involving the storage and release of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate, by bones.

Blood Cell Production

The process (hematopoiesis) by which blood cells are produced within the bone marrow.

Triglyceride storage

Function of bones that involves storing fat in the yellow bone marrow.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton composed of 80 bones, including the skull, vertebrae, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeleton made up of 126 bones, including the limbs and girdles.

Long Bones

Bones that are greater in length than width, such as the femur.

Short Bones

Cube-shaped bones, like those found in the wrist (carpals).

Sesamoid Bones

Bones shaped like a sesame seed, often found within tendons.

Flat Bones

Bones that are thin and flat, such as the skull bones.

Irregular Bones

Complexly shaped bones that do not fit into other categories, such as vertebrae.

Diaphysis

The extended shaft of a long bone, primarily composed of compact bone.

Epiphysis

Expanded areas at the ends of long bones, mainly made up of spongy bone.

Medullary Cavity

The inner cavity of long bones that contains yellow marrow.

Periosteum

The outer covering of bone that isolates it from surrounding tissues and supports growth and repair.

Endosteum

The inner covering of bone essential for growth, repair, and remodeling.

Bone Matrix

The extracellular matrix of bone consisting of water, collagen fibers, and mineral salts.

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Bone stem cells that can differentiate into other types of bone cells.

Osteoblasts

Bone-building cells that are actively mitotic and secrete the bone matrix.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells responsible for maintaining bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Giant bone-resorbing cells that break down bone for remodeling.

Compact Bone

The dense outer layer of bone that provides protection and support.

Spongy Bone

A lighter, porous type of bone that reduces the weight of the skeleton.

Osteon

The basic functional unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae.

Canaliculi

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal in bone.

Perforating Canals

Canals that run perpendicular to the surface of bone, allowing for vascular and nerve supply.

Ossification

The process of bone formation.

Intramembranous ossification

A type of ossification occurring within mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue, forming dermal bones.