chapter 7 urinary system med term 1

Combining form: kidney

nephr/o, ren/o

Combining form: urinary bladder

cyst/o, vesic/o

peritoneal dialysis

separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood stream by introducing fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Wastes then leave the bloodstream and enter the fluid, which is drained through an abnormal catheter

Hemodialysis

removal of nitrogenous waste from the blood in patients whose kidneys have stopped functioning. Blood leaves the body and circulates through a machine that removes wastes before sending the blood back into the body through a vein

KUB

x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (kidneys, ureters, bladder)

VCUG

x-ray examination (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

RP (retrograde pyelogram)

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

Cystoscopy

visual examination of the urinary bladder

Renal Angioplasty

dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

Pyelolithotomy

incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis of the kidney

ureteroplasty

surgical repair of ureter

lithotripsy

process of using high-energy sound waves to crush a stone within the kidney or ureter

interstitial nephritis

inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules in the kidney

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of glomeruli in the kidney

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney; caused by bacterial infection

nephrolithiasis

abnormal condition of kidney stones

wilms tumor

malignant neoplasm (tumor) of the kidney that occurs in childhood

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

multiple fluid filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

measurement of urea levels in blood

nephrotic syndrome

group of symptoms that occur do to loss of protein in the urine. Symptoms include edema (swelling of tissues), hypoalbuminemia (loss of protection from the blood), proteinuria, and susceptibility to infection. this condition is also known as nephrosis

Renal Cell Carcinoma

cancerous tumor of the kidney in abulthood

Uremia

Excessive amount of urea and nitrogenous wastes in the blood

diabetes insipidus

abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidivretis hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. Patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst)

Renal Pelvis

central collecting chamber of the kidney

Nephron

functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus, renal tubule, and collecting tubule

Hyperkalemia

condition of high concentration of potassium in blood

hyponatremia

low levels of sodium in blood

oliguria

scanty urination

calciferol

active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney