Nutrition Midterm

Which are the water soluble vitamins?

B complex and vitamin C

Which one is false about fats?

Fats do not have a structural function as part of the cell membrane

A healthful diet is adequate when it has enough:

energy, nutrients, and fiber

Hunger is triggered by:

a low glucose level in blood

The total amount of nutrient that a person needs

Reccomended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Which answer is correct: Saliva lubricates the bolus; Salvia has a defensive function; saliva begins carb digestion

All three are correct

One of these things is voluntary:

Peristaltic movement; swallowing the bolus; the closing of epiglottis over the larynx; the elevation of the soft pallete

swallowing the bolus

Only one answer is correct about stomach cells:

G cells are part of the gastric glands; parietal cells are no part of the gastric glands, chief cells are part of the gastric glands; all are false

Chief cells are apart of the gastric glands

One of the following valves does not exist:

Ileojejunal valve; pyloric sphincter, Ileocecal valve; gastroesophageal sphincter

Ileojejunal valve

One of the following phrases is incorrect:

Bile is produced in the liver and emulsifies fats; amylase is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas and digests carbs; gastrin produced in the stomach helps to digest proteins; Lipase of gastric or pancreatic origin digests fat

gastrin produced in the stomach helps to digest proteins is not true, it is a hormone secreted by G-cells that stimulates the release of gastric acid/HCl

What is the intrinsic factor?

It is produced in parietal cells for the absorption of vitamin B through creating vitamin B12

Absorption of nutrients takes place in

jejunum (within the small intestine)

Which fruit has the most amount of Kcal?

Banana

One is false about celiac sprue:

it is genetic; its due to gliadin, which is apart of gluten; gluten is present in corn and rice; the chronic inflammation of the small intestine causes diarrhea

Gluten is present in corn and rice

What is a nutrient?

Any organic substance essential for life that must be ingested

What must be present in a nutrient?

Carbon and hydrogen must both be present in the molecule

What is the first in the order of the drainage of the salivary glands?

stenson's duct

what is the middle in the order of the drainage of the salivary glands?

wharton's duct

What is the last in the order of the drainage of the salivary gland?

rivinius duct

G cells (gastric cells) produce gastrin and is produced

in the stomach

What is bile?

Bile is an enzyme

Exocrine glands excrete

Secrete substances called enzymes to the outside of the body

Endocrine glands excrete

Secrete substances called hormones to the blood stream

How many cal in one gram of carb?

4 cal

If there's ______ in the nutrient, it means it is a protein.

nitrogen

How many cal in one gram of protein?

4 cal

How many cal in one gram of fat?

9 cal

What is the Estimated Average Requirement?

The ESTIMATED AVERAGE number of how many of each nutrient is needed per day (median 50% of nutrients)

What is the difference between macro and micro nutrients?

Macronutrients provide energy, micronutrients do not but are still needed for bodily functions

If there's nitrogen in the nutrient...

it means it is a protein (CHONPS)

What is a Kcal?

the amount of energy (ie heat) needed to increase the temp of one KG of water by 1 degree C

What are some consequences of an unhealthy diet?

Type 2 Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, vitamin or mineral unbalance, some types of cancer, hidden hunger

15 grams of pure carbs have

60 kcal

Major mineral requirements are

More than 100 milligrams / day